The Key to Scientific Names (2025)

(Meliphagidae; syn. Anthochaera † Yellow Wattlebird A. paradoxa) Gr. ακανθα akantha spine, thorn; χαιρω khairō to enjoy;“ACANTHOCHAERA carunculata VIGORS et HORSFIELD, Transact. Linn. Soc. 1826, XV. 321 =Anthochaera inauris GOULD.” (Giebel 1872); “Acanthochaera Giebel, 1872, Thesaurus Ornithologiae, I, p. 259. Type, by monotypy, Anthochaera carunculata Vigor and Horsfield, 1826 (1827) (not Merops carunculata White, 1790) = Anthochaera inauris Gould, 1844 = Corvus paradoxus Daudin, 1800.” (JAJ 2023).
Var. Acanthochoera.

(Meliphagidae; Ϯ Eastern Spinebill A. tenuirostris) Gr. ακανθα akantha spine < ακη akē point; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "[plate 27] 1Canthorhynchus[sic] superciliosus. 2——tenuirostris. 3——dubius." (Gould 1837, Synops. Bds. Austr.); "ACANTHORHYNCHUS. (Gen. char.) Rostrum elongatum gracile et acutum; ad lateracompressum; tomiis incurvatis; culmine acuto et elevato. Nares basales elongatæ et operculo tectæ. Lingua ut in Gen. Meliphaga. ... Typus, Certhia tenuirostris, auct." (Gould 1837, P.Z.S.); "Acanthorhynchus Gould, 1837 (April), SynopsisBirds Australia, pt. 2, pl. 27. Type, by subsequent designation (Gould, 1837 (Nov.), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, V, p. 24), Certhia tenuirostris Latham, 1801." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Canthorhynchus,Acanthorynchus.
Synon. Leptoglossus.

(Macrosphenidae; Ϯ Rockrunner A. pycnopygius) L. ad- (a- before c) resembling; genus Chaetops Swainson, 1832, rockjumper; "Chaetops pychnopygius [sic] (Strickland and Sclater) differs from the typical species of the genus, notably in its much shorter legs, and softer feathers on the crown, and may be separated under the new generic name of ACHAETOPS, of which it will be the monotype." (A. Roberts 1922); "Achaetops A. Roberts, Annals Transvaal Mus., VIII (4), p. 227. Type, by original designation, Chaetops pychnopygius (Strickland and Sclater) = Sphenoeacus pycnopygius P. Sclater, 1852." (JAJ 2020).

(Apodidae;syn. Chaetura Ϯ Band-rumped Swift C. spinicaudus) Gr. ακανθυλλις akanthullis little thorn < dim. ακανθις akanthis thorn < ακη akē point; "I. Fam. Hirundinidae Vigors. ... Acanthylis: Hir. spinicauda Tem. col. 726 fig. 1 u. s. w." (Boie 1826); "Acanthylis Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 971. Type, by monotypy, Hir. spinicauda Tem. MS. = Cypselus spinicaudus Temminck, 1839." (JAJ 2019).
Var. Achantylis.

(Apodidae;syn.HirundapusϮ Brown-backed NeedletailH. giganteus) Gr. αχαντιον akhantion little thistle (cf. genus Acanthylis Boie, 1826, swift); ωψ ōps,ωποςōpos appearance; "ACANTHYLOPS, Bp. 1857. Pallenis, Reich. 1850, nec Lap. 1836. Hemiprocne, Cypseloides, Senex, Streub. 1848. Cypseloides, a, Sclat. 1866. Reich. S. A. t. 87. f. . 782. fumigatus, Natt. 783. senex, Tem. P. C.397. Temminckii, Streub." (G. Gray 1869):"Acanthylops"Bp." G. Gray, 1869, Hand-list Genera Species Birds, I, p. 67. New name for Pallenis Reichenbach, 1850 (amendment of Pallene G. Gray, 1841), not of Laporte de Castelnau, 1836 (Coleoptera). Despite Gray's possible intention his new name must take the type of the "replaced" name." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Achantylops (?lapsus for Achantylis =Acanthylis).

Acheen /Atjeh, northern Sumatra.

Gr. αχετα akheta chirping, shrill, musical < ηχεω ēkheō to chirp.

Dim. < Gr. αχετας akhetas cicada, chirper < ηχεω ēkheō to chirp.

Acholi Hills, Sudan / Imatong Hills, South Sudan.

(Acrocephalidae; Ϯ Great Reed Warbler A. arundinaceus) Gr. ακρος akros point, crest < ακη akē point; -κεφαλος -kephalos -headed < κεφαληkephalē head; “Acrocephalus, from ακρος = top, and κεφαλη = head. Perhaps Naumann thought ακρος =acutus, as Agassiz (Nomen. Zool.) did; but this is an error.” (BOU 1915) (see Kelea);"Um dem Wirwar, der in den Beschreibungen der Rohrsänger bisher herrschte, zu steuern, will ich hier, was ich aus vieljährigen genauen Beobachtungenüber diese Vogelgattung weiß, systematisch aufstellen, und ich hoffe, wahre Kenner werden mir ihren Beifall nicht verjagen. Die Natur hat, wie mich dünst, diese Vögel auffallend genug gebildet, um sie von andernähnlichen trennen und in künstlichen Systeme folgendermaßen aufstellen zu können. Gattung: Spitzkopf. (Rohrsänger.) ACROCEPHALUS. Schnabel: Gerade, dünn, am Kopfe viel breiter als an der pfriemenförmigen Spitze; der Oberschnabel an dieser mit einem kleinen Ausschnitt versehen und etwas mehr gekrümmt als der untere. Mundwinkel: Gefärbt. Ueber denselben an der Schnabelwurzel stehen einzelne Bartborsten. Nasenlöcher: Eiförmig. Kopf: Mit gestreckter, flacher und schmaler Stirn, — so daß der Kopf von allen Seiten nach dem Schnabel zu sehr spitz zuläuft. Schwanz: Keilförmig oder zugerundet. Beine: Mittelmäßig hoch, mit großen flachzirkelich gekrümmten scharfen Krallen, besonders die der Hinterzehe, und mit großen Ballen der gelben Fußsohlen. ... Ich kenne 7 Arten, deren Kennzeichen hier folgen: 1. A. lacustris (mihi) großer Spitzkopf. I. S. 224. Taf. 46. Fig. 103. Turdus arundinaceus. Lin. ... 2. A. arundinaceus (mihi) rostgrauer Spitzkopf. I. 225. Taf. 46. Fig. 104. Sylvia arundinacea. Bechst. ornith. Taschenb. I. 174. No. 11. ... 3. A. stagnatilis (mihi) grünlich grauer Sp. Nachtr. Taf. 27. Fig. 52. ... 4. A. palustris (mihi) olivengrauer Sp. I. 227. Taf. 46. Fig. 105. Sylvia palustris. Bechst. O. T. I. 186. No. 21. ... 5. A. phragmitis (mihi) olivenbrauner Sp. I. 231. Taf. 47. Fig. 107. Sylvia phragmitis Bechst. O. T. I. 186. No. 20. ... 6. A. fluviatilis (mihi) lerchenfrbige Sp. Nachtr. Taf. 27. Fig. 53. Motacilla Locustella. Latham Ind. orn. II. 513. No. 25. ... 7. A. salicarius (mihi) gestreifte Sp. I. 229. Taf. 47. Fig. 229. Sylvia salicaria. Bechst. O. T. I. 185. No. 19. ... Anmerk. Hieher gehört auch ohne Zweifel: der schwarzstirnige Sänger, Sylvia nigrifrons. Bechstein. Siehe dessen ornith. Taschenb. I. 176. No. 12. dessen Naturgesch. Deutschl. IV. 675. Taf. 27. und dessen Uberfetzung v. Latham's Uebers. der Vögel Bd. IV. das Titelkupfer. Ich habe diesen Vogel selbst noch nicht gesehen: ist es nicht vielleicht das alte Männchen von meinem A. Palustris?" (J. A. & J. F. Naumann 1811)(OD per Martin Schneider and Bernhard Just);"For the information of ornithologists anxious to distinguish themselves by discovering forgotten names, I may state that there are no Latin names of birds given in this rare work of Naumann's, except in the genusAcrocephalus, beyond an occasional quotation of Linnæus" (Seebohm 1880);"Acrocephalus J. A. and J. F. Naumann, 1811, Naturgeschichte Land-Wasser-Vögel Nördlichen Deutschlands, Nachtrag, p. 199. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 21), Acrocephalus arundinaceus (Linnaeus) = Turdus arundinaceus Linnaeus." (Watson in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 56).
Var. Achrocephalus,Acrocophalus, Acrosephalus,Acrulocephalus, Aegocephalus ("Aegocephalus turdoides" in a list of birds and mammals observed(Vierthaler 1852)).
Synon. Amnicola, Anteliocichla, Arundinaceus, Bebrornis, Calamocichla, Calamodus, Calamodyta, Calamoecetor, Calamoherpe, Calamornis, Caricicola, Conopoderas, Eparnetes, Hemiellisia, Herbicola, Hybristes, Hydrocopsichus, Hypolais, Junco, Kelea, Lusciniola, Muscipeta, Notiocichla, Palaeolais, Phragmites, Psaltria, Ripaecola, Salicaria, Schoenia, Sollicitus, Tatare, Tatarea, Titiza, Verbosus.

Gr. αχρουστερος akhrousteros less highly coloured < comp. αχροος akhroos colourless, pallid < negative prefix α- a- ; χρωζω khrōzō to stain.

(Dicaeidae;syn.PachyglossaϮ White-throated Flowerpecker P. vincens) Gr. ακμων akmōn,ακμονος akmonos anvil, battering-ram (cf. ακμων akmōn sort of eagle mentioned by Hesychius < Gr. myth. Acmon, a companion of Diomedes who was changed into a bird); ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Genus ACMONORHYNCHUS, n. gen. I propose this genus for the reception of a remarkable Flower-pecker which is found only in Ceylon and which has hitherto been placed either in Prionochilus or in Pachyglossa. It differs from both these genera in possessing only nine primaries. From Dicæum it may be recognized by its very large, coarse bill, and from Piprisoma by its rounded tail and the numerous hairs which cover the nostrils. In Acmonorhynchus the sexes differ and the young bird resembles the female. Its habits are those of the family, but nothingis known about its nidification. 920. Acmonorhynchus vincens. Legge's Flower-pecker." (Oates 1890); "Acmonorhynchus Oates, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Birds, 2, p. 381. Type, by monotypy, Prionochilus vincens Sclater." (Salomonsen in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 175).

(Dicaeidae; syn. Dicaeum † Golden-rumped Flowerpecker D. annae) Gr.ακμαζω akmazō to be strong; ῥυγχοςrhunkhosbill; “On Flores … described as new … Acmorhynchus annæ” (P. Sclater 1894); “Acmorhynchus P. Sclater, 1894, Ibis, ser. 6, VI (xxliii), p. 436. Type, by monotypy, Acmorhynchus annae, i.e. Acmonorhynchus annae Büttikofer, 1894. Probably a lapsus for Acmonorhynchus, but, now that Dicaeum has been split, refers to the parent genus and has a disparate etymon.” (JAJ 7/8/2024).

(Tyrannidae;Ϯ Rough-legged Tyrannulet A. burmeisteri) Gr. ακροχορδων akrokhordōn,ακροχορδονος akrokhordonos thin-necked wart < ακρον akron extremity; χορδη khordē sausage; πους pous,ποδος podos foot; "Am auffallendsten ist jedoch die Bekleidung der Tarsen, welche aus kleinen, warzigen Körnern besteht. Dadurch weicht sie sofort von allen anderen Tyrannidengattungen ab, deren Tarsen wie gewöhnlich kleine Tafeln aufweisen. ... Die Tarsenbedeckung ist ein so auffallendes Kennzeichen, dass wir die beiden Arten in einem neuen Genus Acrochordopus *) zusammenfassen. Als Typus generis gilt uns Phyllomyias subviridis Pelz. ... * ακροχορδον = papilla, Warze;πους = pes, Fuss." (von Berlepsch & Hellmayr 1905); "Acrochordopus Berlepsch and Hellmayr, 1905, Journ. f. Ornith., 53, p. 26. Type, by original designation, Phyllomyias subviridis Pelzeln = Phyllomyias burmeisteri Cabanis and Heine." (Traylor in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 3).

(Furnariidae; syn. Cranioleuca † Red-faced Spinetail C. erythrops) Gr. ακρος akros pointed < ακη akē point; ορχιλος orkhilos wren; "Acrorchilus gen. nov. (Furnariidæ) ... Type.- Synallaxis erythrops Sclater. (ακρος, pointed;ορχιλος, a wren.)" (Ridgway 1909); "Acrorchilus Ridgway, 1909, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 22: 71. Type, by original designation, Synallaxis erythrops Sclater." (AOU Checklist, 7th ed., 1998, p. 348).

Gr. ακρος akros pointed < ακη akē point; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Laridae; syn. Thalasseus † Sandwich Tern T. sandvicensis) Gr. ακτηaktē,ακτηςaktēs coast, seashore; χελιδωνkhelidōn,χελιδονοςkhelidonos swallow; "2. Sterna cantiaca. ... 2. Strandschwalbe. Actochelidon*). (Sterna cantiaca.) Entw[ickelung]. Wie bei Sterna. Char[akter]. Seeschwalben mit sehr langem, schwarzem, an der Spitze gelbem Schnabel und sehr gabelförmigem Schwanz. Leb[ensart]. Sie gleichen hierin denübrigen Seeschwalben. ... *) Aκτη, das Ufer und Xελιδων, die Schwalbe." (Kaup 1829); "Actochelidon Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierw., p. 31, 1829—type, by monotypy, Sterna cantiaca Gmelin = S.sandvicensis Latham."(Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 323).
Var. Aetochelidon (Gr.αετος aetos eagle), Aetochelinon.

(Tyrannidae;syn. XenotriccusϮ Pileated Flycatcher X. mexicanus) Gr. αιχμη aikhmē spear; λοφος lophos crest; "A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MEXICAN FLYCATCHER ... It was originally identified as Myiochanes richardsonii and is labeled as that form. I discovered it in a tray of Empidonax trailli. Actually the bird has no close relationship to either of these genera, nor does it appear to be referable to any other genus of the Tyrannidae. ...Aechmolophus new genus Small Tyrannidae (wing about 70 mm.) related to Xenotriccus but differing by having the bill flatter, the rictal bristles shorter, the crest decidedly longer, the outer (tenth) primary longer (shorter than the second but longer than the first), the ninth also longer,and the tail slightly shorter than the wing and much less strongly rounded than in Xenotriccus. ... Feathering on top of head with acute tips, forming a greatly elongated crest, the longest feathers of which spring from the posterior part of the forehead and reach the anterior part of the mantle; feathering of point of chin, lores, and post-nasal region strongly bristly. ... Aechmolophus mexicanus new species ... The general appearance of Aechmolophus mexicanus is so plain and lacking in distinctive pattern that at first glance it might be confused with one of various small and dull-colored members of the family Tyrannidae. The extremely long and pointed crest, however, at once marks the bird as unusual and a closer examination reveals the combination of characters that prevents association with any of the known genera." (J. Zimmer 1938); "Aechmolophus J. T.Zimmer, 1938, Auk, 55 (4), p. 663. Type, by monotypy, Aechmolophus mexicanusJ. T. Zimmer, 1938." (JAJper Richmond Index). The type citation "by original designation" given in AOU Check-list, 6th ed., 1983, p. 445, is incorrect; Zimmer does not indicate the type species in his paper.

(Podicipedidae; Ϯ Western Grebe A. occidentalis) Gr. αιχμοφορος aikhmophoros spearman < αιχμη aikhmē spear; φερω pherō to carry; "Gr.αιχμη, a spear, andφορος, bearing; inallusion to the long, slender, sharp bill" (Coues 1882)(paceGotch 1981:“reference to the tarsal bones of the foot which are narrow and shaped like a blade”); "Genus I. ÆCHMOPHORUS Coues. N.G. Gen. Char. Bill very long, exceeding the head, straight or very slightly recurved, slender, attenuated towards the tip, which is very acute. Culmen straight or slightly concave. Commissure about straight. Gonys convex throughout its whole length, the angle scarcely appreciable. Nasal groove long, shallow, and narrow. Bare loral space very narrow. Wings rather long, pointed, the outer primaries much attenuated. Legs very long. Tarsus as long as the middle toe and claw, exceeding the bill, excessively compressed. Outer lateral toe much longer than the middle. Lobes united at base for a very short distance. Size large; body slender; neck very long. Head with moderate crests, but without decided ruffs? Type. Podiceps occidentalis, Lawr." (Coues 1862); "Aechmophorus Coues, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 229. Type, by original designation, Podiceps occidentalis Lawrence." (AOU Checklist, 7th ed., 1998, p. 8).
Var. Aichmophorus.

(Columbidae; syn. Leptotila † Caribbean Dove L. jamaicensis) Gr. αιχμη aikhmēspear; πτιλον ptilon feather; "Genus ÆCHMOPTILA, Coues. Peristera, of some authors. Leptoptila, Swainson, Class. B. ii. 1837, 349 (misspelled "Leptotila"). (Not Leptoptilos Lesson, Tr. Orn. 1831, 585, nor Leptoptilus Strickl. 1841, nor Leptoptila Gloger, 1842.)—Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 1854, 74—Gray, Handl. ii. 1870, 242, n. 2319 ("Leptotila"). CH.—First primary abruptly emarginate, attenuate and linear near the end. ... Type, Æ. jamaicensis (L.)." (Coues 1878); "Aechmoptila Coues, 1878, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, (1), p. 48. New name for Leptotila Swainson, 1837, considered preoccupied by Leptoptilos Lesson, 1831, and by its amendmentsLeptoptilus Strickland, 1841, andLeptoptila Gloger, 1842." (JAJ 2021).

(Scolopacidae; syn. Prosobonia† Tuamotu Sandpiper P. parvirostris) Gr. αιχμη aikhmēpoint, lance; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Examining the types of Tringa parvirostris, PEALE, which has been referred to T. rufescens [= Calidris subruficollis], with a query, by Dr. Schlegel, and made a variety of the same by Bonaparte, I find that not only is it an entirely different bird, specifically, but that it is scarcely congeneric. Having the extremely small bill of T. rufescens, this organ is smaller still, slenderer, and without the peculiar forward outline of the feathers at its base, which characterizes T. rufescens. In the mounted specimens, the wings fall far short of the end of the tail instead of reaching rather beyond. There is none of the peculiar mottling of the primaries, which is such a strong feature of T. rufescens; the tail is barred transversely, and there are other differences in coloration.Should it be deemed worthy of subgeneric separtion [sic], it may be calledÆchmorhynchus parvirostris." (Coues 1874); "Æchmorhynchus Coues, Bds. Northwest, 1874, p. 506. Type, by monotypy, Tringa parvirostris Peale." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 258).

‡(Turdidae; syn.Zoothera† Bonin Island Thrush Z. terrestris) Gr. αιγιθος aigithos unknown bird, variously identified (here considered to be the Dunnock or Hedge SparrowPrunella modularis); κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "XV. ÆGITHOCICHLA, nom. emend. [Cichlopasser (!), Bp. Geocichla, pt., Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 147, 1881.] 1. terrestris (Kittl.)." (Sharpe 1903); "Aegithocichla Sharpe, 1903, Hand-list Genera Species Birds, IV, p. 134. Replacement name for Cichlopasser Bonaparte, 1854, considered improperly formed." (JAJ 2020).

Gr. οινοχρως oinokhrōs,οινοχρωτος oinokhrōtos wine-coloured < οινος oinos wine; χροα khroa,χροας khroas colour, appearance <χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion.

(Vangidae; syn. Euryceros † Helmet Vanga E. prevostii) Gr. αηρ aēr, αεροςaeros air; χαριςkharis, χαριτοςkharitosbeauty, grace < χαιρωkhairō to rejoice; "Eurycera (Fabr., Wanze) bl. — Euryceros (Lesson, Cent., Vogel): Aërocharis, N. — Euryceros (Hirsch. Cerv. eurycer. Aldrov.): Cervus" (Gistel 1848); "Aerocharis Gistel, Nat. Thierr. p. ix, 1848. Type by monotypy, Euryceros prevostii Less." (W. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., II, p. 606); "Aerocharis Gistel, 1848, Naturgesch. Thierreichs für höhere Schulen, p. IX. New name for Euryceros Lesson, 1831, considered preoccupied by Eurycera Fabricius, ?1798 (Hemiptera) (not found)." (JAJ 2021).

(Leiothrichidae; syn. Turdoides † Bare-cheeked Babbler T. gymnogenys) Gr. αηθης aēthēs strange < negative prefix α-a- ; ηθοςēthos custom, character; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "198. AETHOCICHLA GYMNOGENYS.* Bare-faced Babbling-Thrush. ... * Although described as a Crateropus, it seems to me advisable to institute a distinct genus for this bird on account of its naked face, amost prominent character." (Sharpe 1876); "Aethocichla Sharpe, 1876, in Layard, Birds South Africa, new ed., pt. 3, p. 215. Type, by monotypy, Crateropus gymnogenys Hartlaub." (Deignan in Peters, 1964, X, p. 332).

(Aegithinidae;syn. Aegithina Ϯ Great Iora A. lafresnayei) Gr. αηθης aēthēs unusual < negative prefix α- a- ; ηθος ēthos custom, character; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Ægithininæ ...Aëthorhynchus n.g. (Jora lafresnayi Hartl. R. Z. 1844; Mag. de Z. 1845 t. 60; —I. innotata Blyth. J. As. Soc., Cat. n:o 1291 et add. p. 342). Rostrum longius, capiti subæquale; remigum 3tia cubitalesæquans. (Aηθης, insuetus: rostri forma inter has aves insolita.)." (Sundevall 1872); "Aethorhynchus Sundevall, 1872, Methodi Naturalis Avium Dispon. Tentamen, pt. 1, p. 8. Type, by subsequent designation (Sundevall, 1873, loc. cit., pt. 2, p. 186 (sub nom. Aëtorhynchus)), Jora lafresnayi Hartl., i.e. Iora lafresnayei Hartlaub, 1844."(JAJ 2024).
Var. Aetorhynchus.

(Falconidae;syn.DaptriusϮ Striated Caracara D. australis) Gr. αετος aetos eagle; τριορχης triorkhēs buzzard < τρεις treis, τρια tria three; ορχις orkhis testicle (see Triorchis); "5. Geschlecht. Bussardbussarde oder Caracara, Polyborus, Vieill., zerfällt in die Untergenera: 1) Falkencaracara, Aëtotriorchis, Kp. (Falco novae Zeelandiae). ... Mehrere Formen dieser Untergeschlechter der Polyboren, die ich untersucht habe, zeigen die Bildung und Stellung der Nasenlöcher gleich den eigentlichen Falken, Falcones; es scheint demnach, als wollten sich durch diese Kennzeichen die Falken wieder an die Caracara anreihen, und so den Cyclus der Falken schliessen." (Kaup 1844); "Aëtotriorchis Kaup, Classif. Säug. Vögel, p. 124, 1844—type, by monotypy, "Falco novaezealandiae" (evidently of Temminck, not of Gmelin)." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p.275). Kaup, an ardent Quinarian, considered that Aetotriorchis closed the Falcones circle, uniting the true falcons with the caracaras; despite Hellmayr & Conover I believe the true identity of Kaup's type is Falco novæ-SeelandiæJ. Gmelin, 1788, the New Zealand Falcon, and not Falco novae-zelandiae Temminck, i.e. Latham, 1790 (= Falco australis J. Gmelin, 1788).

(Turdidae; syn. Turdus † Olive Thrush T. olivaceus) L. Afer, Afra African < Africa Africa; Gr. κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "Turdus olivaceus and T. cabanisi cannot be associated with the preceding genus [Peliocichla], side by side with which they may occur, and may therefore be placed in a new genus under the name of AFROCICHLA, genotype T. olivaceus L." (A. Roberts 1922); "Afrocichla A. Roberts, 1922, Annals Transvaal Mus., VIII (4), p. 228. Type, by original designation, Turdus olivaceus Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2020).

(Charadriidae; syn. Thinornis† Three-banded Plover T. tricollaris) L. Afer, Afra African < Africa Africa; genus Oxyechus Reichenbach, 1853, plover; "The South African species bifrontatus, etc., which Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway considered referableto Oxyechus and which Sharpe placed in that genus, I would associate with Charadrius on account of the Vanelline bill, and quite set apart from Oxyechus which has a Pluvialine bill. On account of the characteristics of these species noted above, I would consider them generically separable from Charadrius hiaticula and propose for them the new generic name AFROXYECHUS with C. tricollaris Vieillot as type. This is the only possible course, as I consider that the bill of Oxyechus is Pluvialine whereas in Afroxyechus it is Vanelline —to me an essential difference." (Mathews 1913); "Afroxyechus Mathews, Bds. Australia, iii, p. 124, 1913. Type by original designation, Charadrius tricollaris Vieill." (W. Sclater, 1924, Syst. Av. Aethiop., I, p. 120).

(Thraupidae; syn. Diglossa † Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer D. baritula) This is an obvious misspelling (see Anchilorhinus(Gr. αγκυλη ankulē hook; ῥις rhis, ῥινος rhinos nose)); “Lo denominiamo AGRILORHINUS SITTACEUSdesumendone il nome generico dal greco per significare appunto quell’ uncinato becco, mentre il nome specifico ci fu suggerito dalla somiglianza delle sue piume con quelle della Sitta.” (Bonaparte 1838); "Agrilorhinus Bonaparte, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, 1, No. 3, p. 408, 1838—type, by monotypy, Agrilorhinus sittaceus Bonaparte = Diglossa baritula Wagler." (Hellmayr, 1935, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VIII, p. 219).
Var. Agriolorhinus, Agrylorhinus,Agrilorhynchus (Gr. ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill).

(Phasianidae;syn. MeleagrisϮ Ocellated Turkey M. ocellata) Gr. αγριος agrios wild < αγρος agros field, country; χαρις kharis grace < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; "Agriocharis ocellata (Temm.) OCELLATED TURKEY. - This magnificent bird was apparently common ... The flesh of the birds is, however, so highly prized by the Indians, whodoubtless have always hunted it, that it has become one of the wariest birds I have ever collected. ... I would suggest, therefore, that it be placed in a new genus, for which I propose the name Agriocharis.² ... ² αγριος, wild. χαρις, grace." (Chapman 1896); "Agriocharis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8, 1896, p. 287, 288. Type, by monotypy, Meleagris ocellata Temminck = M. ocellata Cuvier." (Peters 1934, II, 140).

Ala Shān /Hèlán Shān or Mts., Ningsia, western China.

L. albidus whitish < albus white; Med. L. nuchus nape, or (medical use) nucha medulla oblongata < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

L. albus white; Med. L. nuchus nape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

L. albus white; Mod. L. ochraceus ochraceous, ochreous < L. ochra ochre < Gr. ωχρα ōkhra yellow-ochre.

Arabic onomatopoeia al kattar/ al qata the sandgrouse (Latham 1783; “The Arabian name is Kata”); "[Tetrao.] Alchata s. Filacotona Aldr. orn. l. 15. c. 8. Charl. onom. 77. t. 77. Habit. in Arabia, Monspelii; mihi non visa." (Linnaeus1758); "103. TETRAO. ... Alchata. 11. T. pedibus subhirsutis muticis, rectricibus duabus intermediis duplo longioribus subulatis. Alchata s. Filacotona. Gesn. av. 311. t. 307. Aldr. orn. 2. p. 148, 501. Chartet. onom. 77. t. 77. Edw. av. 84. t. 249. Russel. alep. 64. t. 9. Bonasia pyrenaica. Briss. av. I. p. 195. t. 19. Habitat Monspelii, in Pyrenæis, Syria, Arabia. Supercilia Gulaque nigra. Pectorale lunatum, latum, fulvum nigro marginatum. Remiges primores cinereæ. Tectrices ferrugineæ albo margine. Cauda cuneiformis, lutea fasciis fuscis: Rectrices apice albo. Orbita oculorum nigra postice producta. Pedes antice hirsuti."(Linnaeus 1766) (Pterocles).

Gr. αλεκτωρ alektōr,αλεκτορος alektoros cockerel; ἡλιοςhēlios sun (i.e. equatorial, tropical).
●(Megapodiidae; syn. Megapodius† Dusky Megapode M. freycinet) "Les caractères du genre Mégapode,établis par MM. Quoy et Gaimard dans la Zoologie du Voyage autour du monde de l'Uranie, sont en grande partie applicables au sous-genre Alecthelia (de Alectoris, Gallinacé, Poule; et de Helios, Soleil,Équateur), que nous formons pour y placer un oiseau qui différe des vrais Mégapodes ou Tavous par plusieurs traits distinctifs. ... ALECTHÉLIE DE D'URVILLE: Alecthelia Urvilii ... Cette espè, qui provient de l'île de Guebé, placée immédiatement sous l'équateur" (Lesson 1826); "Alecthelia Lesson, 1826, Bull. Univ. Sci. Ind. Géol., VIII, p. 114. Type, by monotypy, Alecthelia urvilii Lesson and Garnot, 1826 = Megapodius freycinet Gaimard, 1823." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Alechelia, Alechthelia.
●(Sarothruridae; syn. Sarothrura† Striped Flufftail S. affinis) "Alecthelia, Lesson. Tail feathers obsolete, or confounded with those of the rump, some of which are laterally compressed, and all are long, lax, and very soft.† A. lineata. Part 5. No. 172. ... † This extraordinary form is, in all probability, the true type of Gallinula." (Swainson 1837); "Alecthelia "Lesson" Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 358 (not of Lesson, 1826). Type, by monotypy, Alecthelia lineata Swainson, 1837 = Crex affinis A. Smith, 1828." (JAJ 2021).

(Hirundinidae; Ϯ Tawny-headed Swallow A. fucata) Gr. αλωπος alōpos fox-like (i.e. fox-coloured, russet) < αλωπηξ alōpēx,αλωπεκος alōpekos fox; χελιδων khelidōn,χελιδονος khelidonos swallow; "Alopochelidon*, new genus. Tail less than half as long as wing, slightly emarginate, all the rectrices broad and rounded at tip; wing-tip little if any longer than distance from bend of wing to end of longest secondaries; above dull grayish brown.Similar to Stelgidopteryx but differing in less adhesion between toes (in this respect agreeing with Pygochelidon), and in entire absence of recurved tips to barbs of outer web of outermost primary. Type, Hirundo fucata Temminck. ... * Aλωπος, fox-like;χελιδων, a swallow." (Ridgway 1903); "Alopochelidon Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 106, 1903—type, by orig. desig., Hirundo fucata Temminck." (Hellmayr, 1935, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VIII, p. 48).

(Anatidae; Ϯ Egyptian Goose A. aegyptiaca) Gr. αλωπος alōpos fox-like < αλωπηξ alōpēx, αλωπεκος alōpekos fox; χην khēn,χηνος khēnos goose. The Egyptian Goose was known as χηναλωπηξkhēnalōpēx fox-goose, to the ancient Greeks, from the colour of its plumage and ability to protect its goslings from foxes (although the name could equally apply to the Ruddy ShelduckTadorna ferruginea); "Another African form of the same family is the well-known Egyptian or Nile goose (Alopochen ægyptiaca). It is often found figured on the Egyptian monuments, and was known to the ancient Greeks, who called it 'chenalopex,' or fox-goose, either because it breeds in burrows, or on account of its color, which is more or less rusty, especially round the eyes, neck, tertials, and a spot on the breast. ... The Egyptian goose has no close ally in the Old World, and it is a somewhat extraordinary fact that the Orinoco goose (Alopochen jubata), brown, with green wings and white wing speculum, head, and neck, and with a slight nuchal crest or 'mane,' which inhabits northeastern South America, seems to be congeneric with it." (Stejneger 1885); "Alopochen Stejneger, Standard Nat. Hist., 4, 1885, p. 141. Type, by subsequent designation, Anas ægyptiaca Linné. (Oberholser, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 8, 1918, p. 572.)" (Peters, 1931, I, p. 154). Richmond, 1902, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV (1267), List of Generic Terms 1890-1900, p. 666, treats Alopochen as a new name for Chenalopex Stephens, 1824, not of Dumont, 1817.
Synon. Chenalopex, Mascarenachen, Tadorna.

(Ptilonorhynchidae; syn. Chlamydera † Fawn-breasted Bowerbird C. cerviniventris) Gr. αλφα alpha first, primitive; genus Chlamydera Gould, 1837, bowerbird; "ALPHACHLAMYDERA gen. nov. Type Chlamydera cerviniventris Gould. Differs from Chlamydera Gould in its peculiar coloration which resembles that of Rogersornis, but entirely lacks the erectile nuchal crest; in size it approaches nearly Chlamydera, but that genus also possesses a well-formed nuchal crest." (Mathews 1914); "Alphachlamydera Mathews Austral Av. Rec. vol. ii. p. 112, Sept. 24th, 1914. Type (by original designation); Chlamydera cerviniventris Gould." (Mathews, 1930, Syst. Av. Austral., II, p. 891).

(Petroicidae; Ϯ Greater Ground-robin A. sclateriana) Gr. αμαλος amalos soft; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "AMALOCICHLA, n. g. Bill geocichline, but with the nostril small and placed in the anterior end of the nasal groove, and with the under mandible straight as far as the tip, which is slightly deflected; mandibular notch shallow. Rectal bristles moderate. Wing short, rounded, concave; first primary about half its length shorter than the second; second to fifth, which is the longest, graduated. Tail of twelve feathers, rounded, shorter than wing. Tarsus elongate, slender, ocreate. Plumage soft and loose. AMALOCICHLA SCLATERIANA, n. s. ... Notwithstanding the geocichline affinities of this bird apparent in the bill and under-wing pattern, the form of the wing seems to relate it to the Timeliidæ proper. Its nearest ally appears to be Ptilopyga" (DeVis 1892); "A ground living bird recalling vaguely a Thrush, but with probably little real relationship, and which seems merely a large alpine development of some small bird until it now recalls the Bush Robins rather than Thrushes. ... These are the structural features of SCLATER'S FALSE-THRUSH (Amalocichla sclateriana) described from Mount Owen Stanley, south-east New Guinea... The feathering is full and soft, even the primaries being inclined to be soft, while the secondaries are also long and soft; the back feathers are long and disintegrated, forming a large puff over the rump, the tail feathers also softish. ... The two False Thrushes have recently been included with the true Thrushes, but there is great doubt as to that affinity, and are here placed with the other "Timalian" birds, as there is nothing known about their exact relationship save that it is not with the true Thrushes" (Iredale 1958); "Amalocichla De Vis, 1892, Ann. Rept. British New Guinea, 1890-91: 95. Type, by monotypy, Amalocichla sclateriana De Vis." (Beehler and Pratt, 2016, Birds New Guinea, p. 456).
Var. Amatocichla.
Synon. Pseudopitta.

Gr. αμαυρος amauros dark; χαλινος khalinos bridle, strap.

(Motacillidae; syn. MotacillaϮ São Tomé Short-tailM. bocagii) Gr. αμαυρος amauros dark; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "This new species has a brown style of coloration which is characteristic of many Timeliine birds, but it seems to find its nearest ally in a Malayan genus Crateroscelis of Malacca and Borneo. It differs, however, from that genus in certain evident characters, which may be diagnosed as follows:—AMAUROCICHLA, gen. nov.Similar to Crateroscelis, but distinguished by the shape of the wing, the first primary being nearly as long as the second. Additional characters are:—The bill is as long as the head, and rictal bristles are absent, while the tail-feathers are somewhat acuminate. The type is: - AMAUROCICHLA BOCAGII, sp. nov. (Plate XX. fig. 1.) Adult. General colour above uniform chocolate-brown, the wings and tail a little darker than the back; lores and sides of face dark brown like back, the ear-coverts slightly rufescent, like the sides of the neck" (Sharpe 1892); "Amaurocichla Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 228. Type by original designation, Amaurocichla bocagei Sharpe." (W. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., II, p. 363). The São Tomé Short-tail or Bocage's Longbill, was formerly treated in various sylviine families or groups, but is now consideredvery closely related to the wagtails Motacilla.

Gr. αμβλυς amblus blunt < αμβλυνω amblunō to blunt; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.
● (Icteridae; syn. Amblyramphus † Scarlet-headed Blackbird A. holosericeus) “AMBLYRHYNCHUS, Leach. Oriolus, Gm. Sturnella, Vieill. Leistes, (V.) Swains. A. ruber, (Gm.) n. A. bicolor, Leach, Zool. Misc., pl. 36. St. pyrrhocephalus, Licht. L. erythrocephala, Swains.” (G. Gray 1840); “Amblyrhynchus “Leach” G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 41 Alternative name for Amblyramphus Leach, 1814.” (JAJ 29/8/2024).
● (Scolopacidae; ?syn. Phalaropus † Grey Phalarope / Red Phalarope P. fulicarius) "Subgenus.—*AMBLYRHYNCHUS. WITH the BILL slender and depressed, dilated and rounded at the extremity. The FEET more than half palmated, and the toes bordered with a plain or unscolloped membrane. PLAIN PHALAROPE. (Phalaropus glacialis, LATH. Plain Phalarope, PENN. Arct, Zool. No. 415. RICHARD. North. Zool. ii. p. 409. Tringa glacialis, GMEL. Syst. i. p. 675. sp. 32. Phalarope a cou jaune, SONNINI, èdit. de BUFFON, Ois. xxiii. p. 298.)" (Nuttall 1834); "Tringa glacialis Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, (2), p. 675, 1789—based on "Plain Phalarope" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 495; "in mari glaciali"), while possibly referable to Wilson's Phalarope (cf. Coues, Bds. Northwest, p. 467 [footnote], 1874), is not identifiable with certainty. It is the genotype of Amblyrhynchus (not of Leach, 1816) Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, Water Birds, p. 247, 1834." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 221).

Gr. αμηχανος amēkhanos helpless, impossible,incredible,inexplicable.

(Hirundinidae;syn. Petrochelidon Ϯ Tree Martin P. nigricans) Gr. αντρον antron cave, cavern; χελιδων khelidōn,χελιδονος khelidonos swallow; "II. Gruppe. Höhlenschwalben. ...(Petrochelidon) 6) Antrochelidon nigricans, *) mihi. ... *) Ich schlage für die in ihrer Nistweise so abweichende Form, die Collocalia arborea, Gld., Hir. nigricans, Vieill., den Namen Antrochelidon, Höhlen-Schwalbe, vor, welcher der ganzen II Gruppe geeignet werden könnte." (Baldamus 1870); "Antrochelidon Baldamus, 1870, Journal für Ornithologie, XVII (1869), p. 406. Type, by monotypy, Hirundo nigricans Vieillot, 1817." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Amnochelidon.

Gr. αμφι amphi on all sides; χροα khroa,χροας khroas appearance, colour < χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion.

Gr. αμφω amphō both (i.e. above and below); χλωρος khlōros green, olive.

(Furnariidae; syn.Syndactyla† Peruvian Recurvebill S. ucayalae) Gr. ανα ana upwards; χειλος kheilos lip, edge; "ANACHILUS, new genus GENERIC DIAGNOSIS. — In general size and color resembling Automolus rubiginosus rubiginosus Sclater, but structurally more nearly related to Anabazenops fuscus (Vieillot), the bill, however, agreeing in shape with that of Megaxenops parnaguæReiser. DESCRIPTION OF GENUS. —A large furnariine bird of the subfamily Philydorinæ; culmen straight, except at the extreme tip which is slightly decurved, the gonys strongly recurved ... TYPE.—Anachilus ucayalæ Chapman." (Chapman1928); "Anachilus Chapman, 1928, American Mus. Novitates, 332, p. 11. Type, by original designation, Anachilus ucayalae Chapman, 1928." (JAJ 2020) (see Simoxenops).

L. anachoreta hermit < Gr. αναχωρητης anakhōrētēs hermit, recluse < αναχωρεω anakhōreō to retire.
● Anchorite Is. / Kaniet Is., Admiralty Is. (subsp. Gallirallus philippensis).
● Hermit Is., Admiralty Is. (subsp. Todiramphus saurophagus).

(Charadriidae; † Wrybill A. frontalis) Gr. ανα- ana- backwards; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; the unique right-hand bend in the narrow bill of the Wrybill is an adaptation used in exploiting the specialized feeding niche of mayflies in shallow but swift flowing water; "GENRE ANARHYNQUE. —Anarhynchus, nob. Bec assez long, recouvert de plumesà sa base jusque près des narines, lesquelles sont latérales, petites, linéaires, et s'ouvrent chacune dans une gouttière, se prolongeant sur le côté du bec jusqu'au-delà de sa première moitié; mandibules très-aiguës, dirigées en haut, et déviées d'un côté vers leur pointe; jambes et tarses médiocres; doigts assez longs, sans pouce, les premières phalanges unies par une membrane dont un prolongement borde le côté des autres phalanges; ailes dépassant la queue; les rémiges décroissant en longueur,à partir de la première qui est la plus longues de toutes. ANARHYNQUE A FRONT BLANC.Anarhynchus frontalis, nob. ... Cet oiseau, qui a quelques rapports avec les Pluviers, se rapproche surtout du Sanderling (Charadrius calidris, Lath) par le port, la forme, la longueur des pieds et même la couleur. ... Son bec est plus long et pointu, au lieu d'être arrondi en forme de boutonà l'extrémité. Les mandibules sont très-aiguës, déviéesà droite et dirigées vers le haut, comme dans les Avocettes. ... Nous donnons à ce genre le nom d'Anarhynque qui se rapporte à la forme très-remarquable du bec. Il n'est du reste pas le seul dont le bec soit recourbé supérieurement. Cette disposition est aussi, comme on sait, le caractère des Avocettes et des Sanderlings, et elle se retrouve même parmi les Oiseaux-Mouches." (Quoy & Gaimard 1830); "Anarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. 'Astrolabe,' Zool., 1, 1830, p. 252. Type, by monotypy, Anarhynchus frontalis Quoy and Gaimard." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 257).
Synon. Aegialophilus, Afraegialis, Cirrepidesmus, Eupoda, Eupodella, Helenaegialus, Hyetoceryx, Leucopolius, Neocharadrius, Nesoceryx, Ochthodromus, Pagoa, Pagolla, Pernettyva, Pluviorhynchus, Podasocys.

José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832-1897) Portuguese explorer, naturalist, collector in Angola and Mozambique (Anthreptes, syn. Chaetops pycnopygius, syn. Hirundo smithii, syn. Neafrapus boehmi, subsp. Rhinopomastus aterrimus, Stactolaema, subsp. Tchagra minutus).

(Thraupidae; syn. Diglossa † Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer D. baritula) Gr. αγκυλη ankulē hook; ῥις rhis, ῥινος rhinos nose; “864. Diglossa, Wagl. 1832 … Anchilorhinus err. Agrilorhinus, Bp.” (Bonaparte 1850); “Anchilorhinus Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, I (II), p. 401. New name for Agrilorhinus Bonaparte, 1838, belatedly recognised as erroneous by the author.” (JAJ 4/2/2024).
Var. Anchylorhinus, Ancylorhinus.

Anchorena, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

(Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris † Curlew Sandpiper C. ferruginea) Gr. αγκυλοχειλης ankulokheilēs with hooked beak < αγκυλος ankulos crooked < αγκος ankos bend; χειλος kheilos bill; "5. Tringa subarquata. ... 5. Krummschnabel. Ancylocheilus. *) (Tr. subarquata.) Entw[ickelung]. Alle Körpertheile verjüngen sich. Char[akter]. Kleine Brachvögel ohne Spannhaut an den inneren Zehen. Leb[ensart]. Hierin gleichen sie den Brachvögeln. *) αγκυλοχειλος, krummschnabelig." (Kaup 1829); "Ancylocheilus Kaup, 1829, Skizzirte Entwickelungs-Geschichte und Natürliches System der Europäischen Thierwelt, p. 50. Type, by monotypy, Tr. subarquata, i.e. Scolopax subarquata Güldenstädt, 1775 = Tringa ferrugineus Pontoppidan, 1763." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Ancylochilus,Ancychlocheilus.

(Anatidae; syn.Oressochen† Andean Goose O. melanopterus) Mod. L. Andium Andes; Gr. χην khēn,χηνος khēnos goose; -οιδης -oidēs resembling; "Die Andengans, bisher als Chloephaga melanoptera (EYTON) bekannt, weicht von den Arten dieser Gattung nicht nur durch gedrungeneren Schnabel, massigeren Körperbau, die auffallend rote Färbung von Schnabel und Füßen, schwarze, metallisch grün schimmernde Schulterfedern und violettroten, nicht erzgrünen Metallglanz des Spiegels, sondern besonders durch das Gehabe,die Art des Laufens mit stark zurückgelehntem Hals und an den Hals angedrücktem Kinn, vorgewölbter Brust und gesträubtem Gefieder und das Triumphgehabe ab, bei dem der Hals abwechselnd bis zum Boden vor- und abwärts gestreckt, und dann wieder rückwärts über den Rücken geworfen wird, wobei Scheitel und Hinterhals den Rücken berühren. In diesen ethologischen Eigenheiten nähert sich die Andengans auffallend der Orinokogans, Neochen jubatus und muß daher in einer eigenen, intermediär zwischen Neochen und Chloephaga stehenden Gattung abgetrennt werden, die ich Andichenodes. gen. nov. nenne. (Genotyp: Anser melanopterus EYTON, Monog. Anat., 1838, S. 93, Titikakasee)"(von Boetticher 1950) (Laurent Raty in litt.); "Andichenodes von Boetticher in Wolters and von Boetticher, 1950, Beiträge zur Gattungssystematik der Vögel, II, System Enten u. Gänsevogel, p. 43 Type, by original designation, Anser melanopterus Eyton, 1838." (JAJ 2020).

Gr. negative prefix αν- an- ; ωχρος ōkhros pale-yellow.

(Psittacidae; syn. Anodorhynchus † Hyacinth Macaw A. hyacinthinus) Gr. ανοδων anodōn,ανοδοντος anodontos toothless < negative prefix αν- an- ; οδους odous,οδοντοςodontos tooth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; “ * Anodontorhynchus — (V. Anodorhynchus et Aodorhynchus). Aves.” (Agassiz 1848); “Anodontorhynchus Agassiz, 1848, Nomenclatoris Zoologici Index Universalis, p. 68. New name for Anodorhynchus von Spix, 1824, considered barbarous and ungrammatical.” (JAJ 22/8/2024) (see Anoplorhynchus).

(Psittacidae; Ϯ Hyacinth Macaw A. hyacinthinus) Gr. ανοδων anodōn,ανοδοντος anodontos toothless < negative prefix αν- an- ; οδους odous,οδοντοςodontos tooth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; alluding to the un-notched bill of the Hyacinth Macaw (paceGotch 1981);"GENUS VI.ANODORHYNCHUS. Araras inter et Aratingas intermedius, familiaris, macrourus, infra nares et supra genas plumis tectus; rostro supra modum crasso, uncinato, edentato; periophthalmiis parum, basi mandibulae inferioris tota nudis; cauda gradata, elongata. SPECIES 1• ANODORHYNCHUS MAXIMILIANI." (von Spix 1824);"Anodorhynchus von Spix, 1824, Avium species novae Brasiliam. I, p. 24 bis, pl. XI. Type, by monotypy, Anodorhynchus maximiliani von Spix, 1824 = Psittacus hyacinthinus Latham, 1790." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Anadorhynchos, Anadorhynchus,Aodorhynchus, Aodorhynchos,Anodorhynchos.
Synon. Anodontorhynchus,Anoplorhynchus.

(Psittacidae; syn. Anodorhynchus † Hyacinth Macaw A. hyacinthinus) Gr. ανοπλος anoplos unarmed < negative prefix αν- an- ; ὁπλον hoplon large shield of the Greek heavy infantry; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill (alluding to the un-notched bill); “(Anodorhynchus! Spix. — Typus: hyacinthinus Lath.) Nomen Anodontorhynchus Agass. correctius, sed sesquipedale! Forte potius Anoplorhynchus scribendum?” (Sundevall 1872); “Anoplorhynchus Sundevall, 1872, Methodi Naturalis Avium Dispon.Tentamen, pt. 1, p. 70. New name for Anodorhynchus von Spix, 1824, considered barbarous, and for the more grammatically correct Anodontorhynchus Agassiz, 1846, considered too lengthy.” (JAJ 2023).

(Acrocephalidae; syn. Acrocephalus † Black-browed Reed Warbler A. bistrigiceps) Gr. αντηλιος antēlios facing the sun, eastern < αντιanti opposite;ἡλιοςhēlios sun; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "4. Anteliocichla, ^anew genus. Type.— Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Swinhoe. ... This group differs from Acrocephalus chiefly in its longer first primary, which decidedly exceeds the primary coverts; in its relatively shorter second primary; and in its shorter bill, though in this respect it agrees with some forms of the subgenus Muscipeta ... From Tatare the present group differs principally by reason of its shorter secondaries, comparatively longer first primary, and shorter bill; from Notiocichla in its less lengthened secondaries, shorter, more acuminate first primary, more abbreviated bill, and much more slender feet. Apparently the only species to be placed in this genus are: Anteliocichla bistrigiceps (Swinhoe). Anteliocichla agricola (Jerdon). ... ^aαντηλιος, orientalis;κιχλη, turdus" (Oberholser 1905); "Anteliocichla Oberholser, 1905, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, no. 1411, p. 901. Type, by original designation, Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Swinhoe, 1860." (JAJ 2020).

(Meliphagidae; Ϯ Little Wattlebird A. chrysoptera) Gr. ανθος anthos flower, bloom; χαιρω khairō to enjoy; "Genus. ANTHOCHÆRA *. Rostrum elongatum, subattenuatum, subarcuatum; culmine ad basin subcarinato; mandibula superiori vix emarginata; naribus longitudinalibus, linearibus, membrana supra tectis, ad medium rostrum extendentibus ibique apertioribus.Lingua ad apicem in setas plurimas divisa. Alæ mediocres, rotundatæ; remige prima brevi secunda tertia parte longiori, tertia gradatim longiori, quarta quinta et sextaæqualibus longissimis; tertiæ ad septimam inclusam pogoniis externis in medio gradatim longioribus. Cauda elongata, rotundata, vix gradata. Pedes fortes, longitudine mediocres; acrotarsiis scutellatis, paratarsiis integris. The strong, but at the same time lengthened and attenuated bill of this group, added to the size and powerful conformation of the species, distinguish it from the true Meliphaga. The lengthened and subgraduated tail also serves as a strong mark of distinction. The chief external characters of the group associate it with the Meliphagidæ, although upon a decided enlarged scale; and the tongue of one of the species, now before us, exhibits the filamentous formation peculiar to the Australian Honey-Eaters. ... 1. CARUNCULATA. ... Merops carunculatus. Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 276. no. 20. Corvus paradoxus. Id. Ib. Supp. p. xxvi. no. 10. ... 2. MELLIVORA. ... Certhia mellivora Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. xxxvii. no. 8. Le Goruck? Vieill. Ois. dor. ii. p. 126. pl. 88. ... The natives call it Coke'ran. ... 3. PHRYGIA.* ...*We take this opportunity of characterizing the following bird, which has been generally considered the young of Anth. carunculata, but which appearsto us to be distinct. ... 4. LEWINII. ... MemoriæDomini JOANNIS GULIELMI LEWIN, peregrinatoris in Australia seduli sagacissimique ... * Aνθος flos, andχαιρω gaudeo." (Vigors & Horsfield 1827); "Anthochaera Vigors and Horsfield, 1827, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 15, p. 320. Type, by subsequent designation (Gadow, 1884, Cat. Birds Brit.Mus., 9, p. 262), Certhia mellivora Latham = Merops chrysopterus Latham." (Salomonsen in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 444).G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 25, gives Merops carunculata Lath., i.e. Merops carunculata White, 1790, as the type of this genus, but, as revealed above, Vigors and Horsfield have confused two different species under that name.
Var. Antochaera.
Synon. Acanthochaera,Anellobia, Coleavis, Coleia, Colena, Dyottornis, Melichaera, Philedon, Xanthomyza, Zanthomiza.

(Pittidae; syn. Hydrornis† Eared Pitta H. phayrei) Gr. ανθος anthos small, brightly coloured bird mentioned by Aristotle; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; although not so labelled by the author, this name could be variously considered a lapsus, a deliberate amendment, or, as here treated, a new name for Anthocincla Blyth, 1862; “Anthocichla Delacour, 1927, Bull. British Ornith. Club, XLVII, p. 155. New name for Anthocincla Blyth, 1862, the construction of which may have been considered barbarous.” (JAJ 2/2/24 per Erikjan Rijkers in litt.).

(Trochilidae;syn. Heliomaster Ϯ Long-billed Starthroat H. longirostris) Gr. ανθος anthos flower, blossom; σκηνη skēnē,σκηνης skēnēs house, tent; "Floricola Elliot (1878), as a genus of Hummingbirds, is preoccupied by Floricola Gistel (Naturgesch, XI, 1848). In its place may be substituted Anthoscenus (type, Trochilus longirostris Vieillot)" (Richmond 1902); "Anthoscenus Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, 1902, p. 85. New name for Floricola Elliot, 1878, not of Gistel, 1848. Type, by original designation, Trochilus longirostris Vieillot, i.e. Shaw." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 128).
Var. Anthoscaenus (Gr. σχαω skhaō to open), Anthoschaenus.

(Malaconotidae;syn.BocagiaϮ Marsh TchagraB. minuta) Gr. αντι anti opposite to, against; χρωμα khrōma, χρωματος khrōmatos colour < χρωζω khrōzō to stain; "Bocagia of Shelley (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XVIII, May 26, 1894, xliii), for two species of African Shrikes, is untenable, there being a Bocageia Girard, Jorn. Soc. Lisboa, III, 1893, 100, for a genus of Mollusks. Capt. Shelley's genus may be renamed Antichromus ¹ ... ¹ Aντι andχρωμα" (Richmond 1899);"Antichromus Richmond, 1899, Auk, XVI (2), p. 186. New name for Bocagia Shelley, 1894, considered preoccupied by Bocageia Girard, 1893 (Mollusca)." (JAJ 2021).

Unalaska, Aleutian Is.
● ex “Aoonalashka Thrush” of Latham 1783, and “Unalaska Thrush” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Catharus guttatus).

● Cochise County, Arizona, USA (after Cochise (d. 1874) chief of the Chiricahua Apache) (subsp. Accipiter gentilis).
● Apache County, Arizona, USA (subsp. Regulus satrapa).

(Trochilidae; syn. EupetomenaϮ Sombre Hummingbird E. cirrhochloris) Gr. αφαντος aphantos obscure < negative prefix α- a- ; φαντος phantos visible < φαινω phainō to show; χροα khroa,χροας khroas appearance, colour < χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion; "APHANTOCHROA CIRRHOCHLORIS. Sombre Humming-Bird. .. While the greater number of the Trochilidae are characterized by a splendid style of plumage, there are others, as will be seen on reference to the present Plate, in which these features are wanting; to most persons these sombre-coloured birds will be less pleasing than their more gaily attired congeners, but they are equally interesting in the eyes of the naturalist.In its general structure, this simply attired bird, which I believe is never adorned with any luminous colouring, offers a considerable alliance to the Campylopteri; but as the peculiar dilatation of the shafts of the outer primaries is entirely absent, I have separated it from a group of which I formerly considered it a member, and have made it the type of a new genus—Aphantochroa." (Gould 1853); "Aphantochroa Gould, Monogr. Trochil., pt. 6, Sept. 1853, pl. [14] and text [= 2, pl. 54 of volume]. Type, by original designation, Trochilus cirrochloris Vieillot." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 80).
Var. Aphantochora.

Appalachian Mts., eastern USA < Spanish name (early 16th century) Apalachee for a group of peoples and their territory north of Florida.

(Nectariniidae;syn. CinnyrisϮ Loten's Sunbird C. lotenius) Gr. αραχνης arakhnēs spider; εχθρος ekhthros hating < εχθαιρω ekhthairō to hate; "Gen. ARACHNECHTHRA nov. gen. **) Spinnenfeind. 571. 1. A.LOTENIA Nob. —Certhia Lotenia Lin. Syst. No. 25.— Certhia polita Sparrm. Mus. Carls. tab. 59.— Certhia Lotenia et polita Lath. Jnd. Orn. No. 16 et 19. Vieillot Ois. dor. tab. 11.— NectariniaLotenia Jard. Sun Birds tab. 23. ... 572. 2. A. currucaria Nob.—Certhia currucaria Lin. Syst. No. 6.— Certhia currucaria Lath Jnd. Orn. No. 15.— Certhia asiatica Lath. l.c. No. 22 et C. cirrhata No. 62 et C. chrysoptera No. 64.— Certhia mahrattensis Lath. ubi?— Vieillot Ois. dor. tab. 12.— Cinnyris cyaneus Vieill.— Cinnyris orientalis Frankl.— Cinnyris epauletta Hodgs. Jnd. Rev. 1837. p. 272.— Cinnyris strigula Hodgs. (Juv.)— Nectarinia mahrattensis (Lath.) Jard. Sun Birds tab. 24. Cinnyris currucaria Sykes.— Nectarinia asiatica Blyth. ... **) Von αραχνη, Spinne undεχθρος, Hasser. —In der Färbung des Gefieders der Gattung Cinnyris sehrähnlich, aber mit stärker gebogenem Schnabel und kürzerm abgerundeten Sckwanze [sic]. Ostindien." (Cabanis 1853); "Arachnechthra Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 105. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 19), Certhia lotentia Linn., i.e. Certhia lotenia Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Arachnethra.

(Nectariniidae; syn. Arachnothera † Little Spiderhunter A. longirostra) Gr. αραχνης arakhnēs spider; κεστρα kestra hammer; "Arachnocestra RCHB. Nat. Syst. sppl. —Schnabel sehr lang, am Grunde wenig breiter als hoch, gleichförmig gebogen, fast im ganzen Verlaufe gleich dick, nur spitzewärts allmälig verdünnt, Firste stumpfkantig, Seiten vom Grunde aus gewölbt, Ränder bald vom Grunde aus eingezogen, Schneiden des Oberschnabels spitzewärts dem bloßen Auge ziemlich unsichtbar, gezähnelt, Zähnchen gerade, Zähnchen des Unterschnabels spitzewärts ebenfalls sehr fein und wenig großer. ... *741. A. crassirostris RCHB. t. DXCII. 4016. ... *742. A. uropygialis (Arachnothera — GRAY gen. pl. XXXIII.) RCHB. t. DXCII. 4017. ... *743. A. longirostris (Certhia — LATH. Syst. I. 299. n. 65.) RCHB. t. DXCII. 4018—19." (Reichenbach 1853); "Arachnocestra Reichenbach, 1853, Das natürliche System der Vögel, Scansoriae, B. Tenuirostres, p. 314. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 138 (Appendix)),Certhialongirostra Latham, 1790."(JAJ 2020).

(Nectariniidae; syn. Anthreptes † Plain Sunbird A. simplex) Gr. αραχνης arakhnēs spider; φιλος philos lover; "Gen. nov. Arachnophila, SALVAD. (daαραχνη ragno, eφιλεω amo) Car. Rostrum fere rectum, culmine parum incurvato; alae longiusculae; cauda parum gradata; ptylosis valde simplex; sexus fere similes. Sp. 182. (112). Arachnophila simplex (MÜLL.). ... Questa specie ha una facies talmente particolare da sembrarmi che essa debba costituire il tipo di un genere distinto. Anche Lord Walden fa notare come essa costituisca un interessante anello nella catena delleaffinità delle specie del genere Arachnechthra, quale egli lo intende." (Salvadori 1874); "Arachnophila Salvadori, 1874, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 1, V, p. 172. Type, by original designation, Nectarinia simplex Müller, 1843." (JAJ 2020).

(Nectariniidae; syn. Arachnothera † Spectacled Spiderhunter A. flavigaster) Gr. αραχνης arakhnēs spider; ῥαφις rhaphis,ῥαφιδοςrhaphidos needle; "CLXXIX.Arachnoraphis RCHB. Nat. Syst. suppl. —Schnabel so lang oder bei wenigen länger als Kopf, am Grunde stark, im Verlauf bedeutend gebogen, bald von der Basis aus in die feine Spitze verdünnt. Firste verflacht. Brustbüschel! Schwanz gleichfederig gestutzt. —Hier die Nectariniae repräsentirend. 735. A. flaviventris(Anthreptes flaviγαστερ EYTON Proceed. 1830. 105.) RCHB. t. DXCII. 4014—15. ... Der "Chichap Rimba", auch ""Koleechap Pangone", wie ihn die Eingeborenen nennen, wurde auf der Malayischen Halbinsel entdeckt ... 736. A. simplex (Nectarinia— S. MÜLL. & SCHLEG. Honigvogels 62. t. 8. f. 4.) RCHB. t. DXCIV. 4028. ... 737. A. armata (Arachnothera— S. MÜLL. & SCHLEG. Honigv. p. 68. t. 11. f. 2.) RCHB. t. DXCIV. 4029. ... 738. A. Novae-Guineae (Cinnyris— LESSON Coq. 677.) RCHB. t. DXCIV. 4030. ... *739. A. robusta (Arachnothera— S. MÜLL. & SCHLEG. Honigvogels 68. t. 11. f. 1.♂) RCHB. t. DXCIV. 4031." (Reichenbach 1853); "Arachnoraphis Reichenbach, 1853, Handbuch der Speciellen Ornithologie. Das natürliche System der Vögel. Scansoriae, p. 313. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 138 (Appendix)), Anthreptes flavigaster Eyton, 1839." (JAJ 2019) (The typification of Arachnorhaphis chrysogenys (Temminck) referred to by Rand in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 282, is incorrect, that form not being an originally included species).
Var. Arachnorhapis, Arachnorhaphis.

(Nectariniidae; Ϯ Yellow-eared Spiderhunter A. chrysogenys) Gr. αραχνης arakhnēs spider; -θηρας -thēras hunter < θηραω thēraō to hunt < θηρ thēr,θηρος thēros beast, animal; "SOUIMANGA A JOUES JAUNES. NECTARINIA CHRYSOGENYS. TEMM. ... Remarque. Nous venons de trouver dans les papiers de notre défunt ami Van Hasselt, que cet oiseauet les deux espèces figurée sur notre planche 84 sous les noms de Souimangaà long bec et Souimanga modeste se nourrissent uniquement d'araignées et qu'ils ont la langue courte et cartilagineuse. Cette seule remarque, toute succincte quelle soit, suffit cependant pour exclure ces oiseaux du genre Nectarinia; nous attendrons de nouveaux renseignemens qui pourrontêtre fournis par les voyageurs Boié, Macklot et Muller, etnous publierons alors les caractères propresà ce petit groupe, qui portera la dénomination générique d'Arachnothera." (Temminck 1826); "Arachnothera Temminck, 1826, Pl. Col., livr. 65, pl. 388, in text to fig 1. Type, by monotypy, Nectarinia chrysogenys Temminck." (Rand in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 282).
Var. Arachnotera,Arachnotheres, Aracnothera.
Synon. Anthophagana, Anthophagus, Arachnocestra, Arachnoraphis.

(Cuculidae; syn. Centropus † Pied Coucal C. ateralbus) Gr.αρχαιος arkhaios ancient (e.g. white headed); κεντωρ kentōr, κεντορος kentoros goader (i.e. with a spike) < κεντρον kentron spur, goad < κεντεω kenteō to goad on (AT; see Manuscript-names).

‡ (Anatidae;syn. CygnusϮ Portly Swan C. lacustris) Gr.αρχαιος arkhaios ancient;κυκνος kuknos swan.
Var. Archaeocygnus (L. cygnus swan).

‡(ArchaeopterygidaeϮ Archaeopteryx A. lithographica) Gr. αρχαιος arkhaios ancient; πτερυξ pterux, πτερυγος pterugos feather; "Nachträglich zu meinem Schreiben vom 15. verflossenen Monats kann ich Ihnen nunmehr mittheilen, dass ich die Feder von Solenhofen nach allen Richtungen hin genau untersucht habe und dabei zu dem Ergebniss gekommen bin, dass sie eine wirkliche Versteinerung des lithographischen Schiefers ist und vollkommen mit einer Vogel-Feder übereinstimmt. Zugleich erhalte ich von Herrn Obergerichtsrath WITTE die Nachricht, dass das fast vollständige Skelet eines mit Federnbedeckten Thiers im lithographischen Schiefer gefunden worden sey. Von unseren lebenden Vögeln zeige es manche Abweichung. Die von mir untersuchte Feder wurde ich mit genauer Abbildung veröffentlichen. Zur Bezeichnung des Thieres halte ich die Benennung Archaeopteryx lithographica geeignet." (H. von Meyer, 1861, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie (1861),p. 679). Included in TheKey purelyforthe sake of interest andrecord, since in the public mind this creature represents the earliest known bird or link between the birds and non-avian dinosaurs, having lived about 150 million years ago in the Late Jurassic period. Earlier links and ancestral birds have since been discovered (e.g.Aurornis), but they have not so captured popular imagination.

‡ (Anatidae; syn. Anas† White-cheeked Pintail A. bahamensis lambrechti) Gr.αρχαιος arkhaios ancient; genus Querquedula Oken, 1817, duck;"Archeoquerquedula lambrechti, genus et sp. nov. ... Así que mi descripción del material fósil, como de los cráneos de Dendrocygna discolor (Sclater et Salvin), Cairina moschata L., y Querquedula andium (Sclater et Salvin) demuestra que la tabla de medidas comparadas nos confirma que en verdad estos restos deben referirse a un pato fósil semejante al género Querquedula, razón por la cual, y tomando en cuenta que se trata del antepasado directo de esta última, propongo el nombre genérico de Archeoquerquedula." (Spillmann 1942); "Archeoquerquedula Spillmann, 1942, Proc. Eighth American Scientific Congress, IV, p. 387. Type, by monotypy, Archeoquerquedula lambrechti Spillmann, 1942." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Archaeoquerquedula.

Late L. archangelicus archangelic < archangelus archangel < Gr. αρχαγγελος arkhangelos archangel, chief messenger < αρχων arkhōn,αρχοντος arkhontos chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; αγγελος angelos messenger.

(Ptilonorhynchidae; Ϯ Archbold's Bowerbird A. papuensis) Richard Archbold (1907-1976) US zoologist, collector in Madagascar and New Guinea, sponsor of expeditions to New Guinea and the Pacific, established Archbold Biological Station, Florida 1941;"ARCHBOLDIA, NEW GENUS One of the large bower birds (wing up to 164) with a large head, related to Amblyornis. It is characterized by the bill being laterally expanded at the base, the width at nostril being being about equal to its depth at nostril;the nostril and part of the floor of the nasal fossa being bare, the feathering not reaching within two millimeters of the nasal opening, and these feathers tending to be bristly and curving back to be appressed to the head; by the strongly double rounded tail, the outer and the central tail feathers about 10 to 15 mm. shorter than the longest;by the peculiar texture of the plumage, the feathers having downy bases and firm terminal portions, which have in some lights, a darker colored tip giving a scaled appearance. GENOTYPE. —Archboldia papuensis, new species." (Rand 1940);"Archboldia Rand, 1940, American Museum Novitates,1072, p. 9. Type, by original designation, Archboldia papuensis Rand, 1940." (JAJ 2022).

(Accipitridae;syn. Buteo Ϯ Rough-legged Buzzard B. lagopus) Gr. αρχωνarkhōn chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; genus Buteo de Lacépède, 1799, buzzard; "VI. G. Rauchfußbussard, Archibuteo Br. 1) Der plattköpfige Rauchfußbussard, Archib. planiceps Br. 2) Der hochköpfige Rauchfußbussard, Archib. alticeps Br." (Brehm 1828); "Sechste Sippe. Rauchfußbussard. Archibuteo, Br. ... Die Rauchfßbussarde sind die grösten und edelsten aller Bussarde— daher ihr Name archibuteo— und schließen sich durch ihre ganz befiederten Fußwurzeln an die Schreiadler, mit denen sie auch manches im Betragen gemein haben; ihre befiederten Füße unterschieden sie auf den ersten Blick von den andern Bussarde. ... 1) Der plattköpfige Rauchfußbussard. Archibuteo planiceps, Br. (Falco lagopus, Linn. N. W. I. Th. Taf. 34, 1.) ... 2) Der hochköpfige Rauchfußbussard. Archibuteo alticeps, Br. (F. lagopus, Linn., F. sublagopus, Br. N. W. I. Th. Taf. 34, 2.)" (Brehm 1831);"Archibuteo Brehm,² Handl.[sic] Naturg. Deuts., p. 38, 1831—type, by virtual monotypy, Archibuteo planiceps Brehm and Archibuteo alticeps Brehm, both = Falco lagopus Brunnich. ... ² Archibuteo Brehm (Isis, 1828, col. 1269) is a nomen nudum." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p. 84).
Var. Archebutio.

● Anthony LucienArcher (1933-2020) British big-game hunter, safari guide in Kenya (cf. “collected at Archer’s Post on the Ewaso Ng’iro River, Samburu District” (Cunningham-van Someren 1984)) (syn. Buphagus erythrorhynchus).
● Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer (1882-1964) British explorer, Gov. of British Somaliland 1919-1922, Gov.-Gen. of the Sudan 1924-1926 (Buteo, Dessonornis, syn. Eremomela icteropygialis griseoflava, subsp. Falco tinnunculus,Heteromirafra, subsp. Platalea leucorodia, subsp. Scleroptila gutturalis, subsp. Tachymarptis melba).

Gr. αρχετης arkhetēs leader, prince < αρχω arkhō to rule.
● “The extreme brilliancy of the plumage and the large size marks out this Malayan form as a veritable “Prince” amongst Swallows.” (Hume 1877) (syn. Cecropis badia).

Lt. Prof.Étienne Jules Adolphe Desmier de Saint-Simon Vicomte d'Archiac (1802-1868) French Army, geologist, palaeontologist (‡syn. Urocolius paludicola).

Gr. αρχων arkhōn chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; βοσκας boskas,βοσκαδος boskados type of duck (cf. specific name Anas boschas Linnaeus, 1758 (= ♀) (= syn. Anas platyrhynchos)).

(Corvidae;syn. Corvus Ϯ White-necked Raven C. albicollis) Gr. αρχος arkhos leader, chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; κοραξ korax,κορακος korakos raven < κρωζω krōzō to croak; "Sehr ausgezeichnet und gewiß als generisch (der Gattung nach) verschieden zu betrachten, ist die dortige Ring- oder Adlerkrähe, die noch passender Geier-rabe heißen möchte. (Archicorax; Corv. albicollis.) Denn ihr ausnehmend starker und ungewöhnlich hoher Schnabel ist seitwarts auffallend stark zusammengedrückt, so daß er, von der Seite gesehen, lebhaft an die Schnäbel mancher Adler und Geier mahnt" (Gloger 1842);"Archicorax Gloger, 1842, Gemein. Hand- und Hilfsbuch Naturgesch., I, p. 274. Type, by monotypy, Corv. albicollis, i.e.Corvus albicollis Latham, 1790." (JAJ 2020).

Late L. archiepiscopus archbishop < Gr. αρχω arkhō to guide; episcopus bishop < Gr. επισκοπος episkopos overseer; "Le nom d'Archevêque, que nous avons donnéà l'espèce dont nous traitons dans cet article, indique les rapports de ressemblance qui existe entre cette espèce et celle du Tangaraévêque [Tangara episcopus], et en même temps une sorte de supériorité dans l'éclat des couleurs de son plumage" (Desmarest 1806) (syn. Tangara ornata).

(Falconidae;syn. Falco Ϯ Peregrine Falcon F. peregrinus) Gr. αρχοςarkhos leader, chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; Late L. falco, falconis falcon < L. flectere to curve; "Neuer Name für die Gattung: Wanderfalke. ... Wenn nicht, so schlage ich hiermit für die Gattung der Wanderfalken im Umfang der "Natürlichen Gruppe" 1 Hartert's (Vög. pal. F. II. p. 1042), die sich mit meiner Gattung vollkommen deckt, und deren Kennzeichen (gedrungener, kräftiger Bau, infolge des kürzeren Schwanzes weniger schlank als die Jagdfalken und Verwandte, gedrungener als die kleineren Formen, stärker, sowie groß und starkfüßiger als die Rüttel- nnd [sic] Abendfalken) als Gattungsmerkmale im Allgemeinen gelten können, den neuen Namen Archifalco vor, um damit (analog zu dem leider nicht mehr anwendbaren schönen Namen Archibuteo Brehm 1828 = Triorchis Kaup. 1826) anzudeuten, daß die Vögel dieser Gruppe die edelsten, vornehmsten und markantesten Vertreter des Falkentyps, die eigentlichen "Erzfalken" sind. Es wären demnach für das palaearktische Gebiet folgende Gattungen zu unterscheiden: 1. Archifalco Bttchr. 1927 mit A. peregrinus (Tunst.) etc."(von Boetticher 1927) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz);"Archifalco Boetticher, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bayern, No. 11, p. 112, 1927—type, by orig. desig., Falco peregrinus Tunstall." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p. 294).

(Trochilidae; Ϯ Black-chinned Hummingbird A. alexandri) Archilochus (fl. 600 BC) Parian poet famous for his savage wit and flouting of convention;"*Selasphorus ... * β. Archilochus Alexandri (Tr. —BOURC. 1846.) RCHB. — Mex.: Sierra Madre." (Reichenbach 1854); "Selasphorus β Archilochus Reichenbach, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1854, Beil. zu Extrah., p. 13. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus alexandri Bourcier, i.e. Bourcier and Mulsant." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 134). One of numerous hummingbird genera diagnosed by Reichenbach 1854, commemorating classical artisans, following the precedents set by Linnaeus, Brisson, and other eighteenth century authors, who culled many names from the classics and mythology to express close relationship between groups of species in large, unwieldy genera.
Var. Architrochilus.
Synon. Colubris, Cynanthus, Trochilus.

(Meropidae;syn.MeropsϮ Black-headed Bee-eater M. breweri) Gr. αρχι- arkhi- first, chief (i.e. large)< αρχων arkhōn,αρχοντος arkhontos king, chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; μεροψ merops bee-eater; "Meropidae. Neu ist Merops Breweri Cass. Proc. Acad. N. Soc. Philad. p. 14. Vom Ogobaifluss. Eine der zahlreichen Entdeckungen Du Chaillu's. Typus unserer Gattung Archimerops" (Hartlaub 1860); "Archimerops Hartlaub, 1860, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, XXVI (2), p. 90. Type, by original designation, Merops breweri Cass., i.e. Meropogon breweri Cassin, 1859." (JAJ 2020).

Italian arcipelago archipelago. In classical times Arkhipelagos was a name given to the Aegean Sea < Gr. αρχι- arkhi- chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; πελαγος pelagos sea. The term is now extended to any sea like it, thickly interspersed with islands, or rather to the islands themselves.
● Borneo, in the Malay Archipelago (Indicator).
● Mergui Archipelago, Burma / Myanmar (subsp. Mixornis gularis).

(Icteridae;syn. Cacicus Ϯ Golden-winged Cacique C. chrysopterus) Gr. αρχιπλανος arkhiplanos nomad chieftain (i.e. wandering between genera) < αρχων arkhōn, αρχοντος arkhontosruler < αρχω arkhō to rule; πλανος planos vagabond; "Gen. ARCHIPLANUS nov. gen. *) Zwerg-Kazicke. 904. 1. A. albirostris Nob. —Azara Apunt. No. 59. —Cassicus albirostris Vieill. Enc. méth. p. 723. —Japus dubius Merr. Ersch. u. Grub. Encycl. XV. p. 277. Xanthornus chrysopterus Vig. Zool. Journ. II. p. 128. No. 6. III. pag. 190. tab. 9. Suppl. —Psarocolius albirostris Wagl. Syst. Av. No. 5. ... *) Von αρχιπλανος,ὁ nom. prop. Die Gruppe erinnert durch Grösse und Färbung an Xanthornus u. Agelasticus; die nähere Verwandtschaft mit Cassicus ist indess unverkennbar." (Cabanis 1853); "Xanthornus chrysopterus Vig. ist der Typus unsrer Gattung Archiplanus" (Cabanis 1853) (see Agelasticus); "Archiplanus Cabanis, 1853, MuseumHeineanum, I, p. 186. Type, by monotypy, Cassicus albirostris Vieillot, 1816 (not of Linnaeus, 1764) = Xanthornus chrysopterus Vigors, 1825." (JAJ 2022) (see Blake in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 146, footnote).

Gr.αρχι- arkhi- first, chief < αρχων arkhōn, αρχοντος arkhontosking, chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; specific name Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758 (syn. Falco tinnunculus).

(Trochilidae; syn. Archilochus † Black-chinned Hummingbird A. alexandri) Gr.αρχι- arkhi- first, chief < αρχων arkhōn, αρχοντος arkhontosking, chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; genus Trochilus Linnaeus, 1758, hummingbird; "(B) Summer residents ... Architrochilus alexandri ... Genus ARCHITROCHILUS. ... Black-chinned Humming-bird. Architrochilus alexandri. A.O.U. Checklist no 429" (W. Sclater 1912); "Architrochilus W. Sclater, 1912, History Birds Colorado, pp. xv, 252. New name for Archilochus Reichenbach, 1854; Sclater probably misunderstood the classical basis of the original generic name." (JAJ 2020) (see Archilochus).

(Malaconotidae;syn. Malaconotus Ϯ Grey-headed Bush-shrike M. blanchoti) Gr. αρχιλῃστης arkhilēistēs robber-chief < αρχι- arkhi- first, chief <αρχων arkhōn,αρχοντος arkhontos king, ruler <αρχω arkhō to rule;λῃστης lēistēs robber <λῃστευω lēisteuō to rob; "Gen. ARCHOLESTES nov. gen. *) Grosswürger. 409. 1. A. icterus Nob. **) Blanchot Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. tab. 185. —Lanius icterus Cuv. — Lanius olivaceus Vieill. (nec Shaw.) Encycl. p. 730. N. 10. Lanius poliocephalus Licht. Doubl. No. 485.— Thamnophilus olivaceus Vieill. Gal. Ois. tab. 139. — Malaconotus Blanchoti Steph.— Maalconotus olivaceus Sws. B. W. Afr. I. tab. 22.— Laniarius icterus Gray Gen. Birds No. 10. ... 410. 2. A. hypopyrrhus Nob.— Malaconotus hypopyrrhus Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. pag. 61. Laniarius hypopyrrhus Gray Gen. Birds No. 15. ... *) Vonαρχοληστης, Räuberhauptmann. Die Gattung charakterisirt sich durch Grösse der Formen und den mächtigen starken und hohen stark zusammengedrückten Schnabel, welcher ziemlich geradfirstig ist mit stark gebogner hakiger Spitze und starkem Ausschnitte hinter derselben." (Cabanis 1853); "Archolestes Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 71. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 61), Lanius icterus Cuvier, 1829 = Malaconotus blanchoti Stephens, 1826." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Harcolestes.

Gr. αρχων arkhōn, αρχοντος arkhontos chief, king, ruler, commander < αρχω arkhō to rule.

(Pycnonotidae;syn. Phyllastrephus Ϯ Icterine Greenbul P. icterinus) Gr. αργαλεος argaleos difficult < αλγεω algeō to suffer < αλγος algos pain; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "ARGALEOCICHLA ² gen. nov. Chars. gen.—Similar to Phyllastrephus, but bill more depressed, much broader than high at base, about equal in height and breadth at anterior edge of nostrils, the height at base much less than one-third the length of exposed culmen; nostrils more lengthened; tarsus less than 1¼ times the length of exposed culmen; nuchal hairs less branched; rictal and nasal bristles decidedly longer. ... Type.—Trichophorus icterinus BONAPARTE. The present more careful examination has convinced us that we were wrong in considering thetype of this genus congeneric with Bleda syndactyla. It is in realityvery distinct, differing from Bleda in its linear nostrils; less branched nuchal hairs; relatively longer rictal bristles;more slender, depressed bill, with less sharply ascending gonys; and longer tarsus, as compared with length of culmen. The generic separation of this species from Criniger ictericus Strickland will doubtless do away with all objection to the use of its earliest and therefore correct specific name icterina. ... The only species that appear to belong under this heading are: Argaleocichla icterina (Bonaparte) (= tricolor Cassin). Argaleocichla poliocephala (Reichenow).... ² αργαλεος, difficilis; κιχλη, turdus." (Oberholser 1905);"Argaleocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 160. Type, by original designation, Trichophorus icterinus Bp." (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 263).

(Pycnonotidae; Ϯ Eastern Mountain Greenbul A. nigriceps) Gr. αριζηλος arizēlos conspicuous, distinct; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "ARIZELOCICHLA ¹ gen. nov. Chars. gen.—In some respects resembling Bleda, but nostrils linear, strongly operculate, the basal half of the operculum more or less featheredl; bill much shorter, more turdine, depressed at base, its height at this point decidedly more than one-third the length of exposed culmen; culmen curved from base; gonys almost horizontal; tarsus very much longer than exposed culmen. ...Type.—Xenocichla nigriceps SHELLEY. ... Excellent evidence of the hitherto unsatisfactory generic position of the type and several other species of this group is the manner in which various authors have treated them, placing them first in one genus, then in another, with scarcely any uniformity oragreement. Least of all the genera to which they have been at times referred do they belong in Bleda; but find apparently their nearest ally inChlorocichla, from which, however, they may be readily distinguished. ... ¹ αριζηλος, evidens;κιχλη, turdus." (Oberholser 1905); "Arizelocichla Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly Issue, 48, no. 2, p. 163. Type, by original designation, Xenocichla nigriceps Shelley." (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 225).

(Paradisaeidae;hybrid; Epimachus x Astrapia Ϯ Epimachus astrapioides) Portmanteau of generaAstrapia Vieillot, 1816, astrapia, and Epimachus Cuvier 1816, sicklebill.

(Paradisaeidae;syn.Astrapia ϮStephanie's AstrapiaA. stephaniae) Gr. αστραρχηastrarkhē queen of stars, an epithet of the moon < αστρον astronstar; αρχων arkhōn,αρχοντος arkhontos chief < αρχω arkhō to rule; "Astrarchia* Meyer n.g. Astrarchia nov. gen. rectricibus duabus intermediis longissimis naviculiformibus, superne concavis et rectricibus lateralibus brevibus a genere Astrapia differt. 7. Astrarchia Stephaniae Finsch in lit. n. sp. Tafel XVIII. ... Zu Ehren Ihrer kaiserlichen Hoheit der durchlauchtigsten Frau Erzherzogin Stephanie, Kronprinzessin von Oesterreich, von Dr. Finsch Astrarchia Stephaniae genannt. ... *αστραρχη = Sternenfürstin." (Meyer 1885); "Astrarchia Meyer, 1885, Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 378. Type, by monotypy, A. Stephaniae Finsch." (Mayr in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 191).

(Ploceidae; syn. Malimbus † Rachel's Malimbe M. racheliae) Gr. αταλος atalos delicate; χροα khroa,χροας khroas colour, appearance <χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion; "for M. racheliæ, which inclines towards Euplectes in the colour of its plumage, I propose the term Atalochrous, or gay-coloured ... ATALOCHROUS. MALIMBUS RACHELIÆ. Sycobius racheliæ, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil. 1857, p. 36 ... This, the handsomest species of Malimbus, was first described by Mr. Cassin from specimens obtained by Du Chaillu on the river Muni. It is quite different in the arrangement of its colours from all the species of this genus; and in the way the bright hues of the breast extend to the flanks it resembles somewhat the species of Euplectes. ... It constitutes the subgenus Atalochrous" (Elliot 1876); "Atalochrous Elliot, 1876, Ibis, ser.3, VI (24), pp. 458, 464. Type, by monotypy, Sycobius racheliae Cassin, 1857." (JAJ 2020).

(Atrichornithidae;syn. Atrichornis Ϯ Noisy Scrub-bird A. clamosus) Gr. ατριχος atrikhos without bristles or hair < negative prefix α- a- ; θριξ thrix, τριχος trikhos hair; "ATRICHIA CLAMOSA, Gould. Noisy Brush-bird. Atrichia clamosa, Gould in Proc. of Zool. Soc., January 9, 1844. FEW of the novelties received from Australia are more interesting than the species to which I have given the generic name of Atrichia. It is one of the discoveries made by Mr. Gilbert, who met with it among the dense scrubs of Western Australia, and who had his attention attracted to it by its peculiar and noisy note long before he had an opportunity of observing it" (Gould 1844 (Bds. of Australia)); "The great peculiarity which distinguishes it from all others of the Sylviadæ, and marks it at once as a new genus and species, is the total absence of the vibrissæ or bristles at the base of the mandibles. From this fact, and its note being the loudest of all the inhabitants of the grove, Mr Gould proposed the name of Atrichia clamosa. Genus ATRICHIA. Gen. Char.—Rictus omnino vibrissis carens. Rostrum æque longum atque caput, ad latera compressum, mandibulæ superioris apice distincte denticulato, gonyde a rictu acclivi exinde rostri lineam sequente; culmine alte in frontem ascendente; naribus permagnis operculo tectis, et sulco, ad basim mandibulæ superioris, positis. Alæ breves, rotundatæ, concavæ, primariis primis tribus gradatis, quarta, quinta, sexta et septima inter se fereæqualibus. Cauda longiuscula, rotundata, rachibus rigidis, pogoniis laxis, decompositis. Tarsi sic et pedes robusti, halluce cum ungue valido; digitis externis fere coæqualibus. ATRICHIA CLAMOSA." (Gould 1844 (Proc. Zool. Soc. XII (cxxxl), p. 1)); "Atrichia Gould, 1844 (March), Birds Australia, pt. 14, plate and text. Type, by monotypy, Atrichia clamosa Gould." (Mayr in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 335).
Var. Atricha.

L. ater black; chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely < χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel (cf. Mod. L. atrochalybeus dark-blue).

(Atrichornithidae; Ϯ Noisy Scrub-bird A. clamosus) Gr. ατριχος atrikhos without bristles or hair < negative prefixα- a- ;θριξ thrix,τριχος trikhos hair (cf. genus Atrichia Gould, 1844, scrub-bird); Gr. ορνις ornis,ορνιθοςornithos bird; "Australian brush-bird Atrichornis rufescens ... The ATRICHORNITHIDÆ, brush- or scrub-birds, constitute a family of pseudoscinine, acromyodian Passeres, with two pairs of intrinsic muscles. They are not more numerous than the lyre-birds, comprising only one genus of two species, which also are exclusively Australian in their distribution.Their external appearance does not indicate any close relationship with the lyre-birds, for in size and general form and coloration they more closely resemble some of our large wrens, with long graduated tails. Their habits are notunlike those of the lyre-birds, and their power of mocking other sounds is equally strong. From Mr. E. P. Ramsay's account of the habits of the species discovered by him, Atrichornis rufescens, we quote as follows: "Only on one occasion did I meet with more than a single bird in the same place. They are always among the logs and fallen trees, overgrown with weeds, vines, nettles, etc., and are the most tiresome birds to procure imaginable. As to their ventriloquial powers, they must be heard to be believed. It is impossible to say what its own note really is."" (Stejneger 1885); "Atrichornis Stejneger, 1885, in Kingsley, Standard Nat. Hist., 4, p. 462. New name for Atrichia Gould [not Atrichia Schranck, 1803 (Insects)]." (Mayr in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 335).
Synon. Atrichia, Rahcinta.

Overview and generic check-list.

Scrub-bird:

ATRICHORNIS Stejneger, 1885. Gr. “bird without bristles.”

●● Atrichia Gould, 1844 (not von Paula Schrank, 1803). Gr. “without bristles.”

●● Rahcinta Mathews, 1916. Incomplete anagram of Atrichia.

L. ater black; Med. L. nuchus nape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

L. ater black; Mod. L. nuchalis of the nape, nuchal < Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

Attalus III, king of Pergamus, renowned for his wealth and discovery of the art of weaving cloth from gold (cf. L. attalica splendid garment woven with gold); Gr. ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill. I cannot find Bertoni's meaning; "Pteroglossus attalorhynchus ... del gr. attalos, magnífico y rhynchus, pico: alude á los variados y bellos colores del pico." (Bertoni 1901) (syn. Pteroglossus castanotis australis).

Pierre Martin Rémi Aucher-Éloy (1793-1838) French pharmacist, botanist, collector in Asia Minor, the Middle East, Egypt and Persia 1830-1838 (subsp. Lanius excubitor).

(Tyrannidae; syn. Lessonia † Austral Negrito L. rufa) Gr. αυχμαλεος aukhmaleos dirty < αυχμος aukhmos dirt. Reichenbach's 1850, plateLIX, labelled Motacillinae: Sylviinae. Accentor et Motac. genuinae, shows the black head of the male negrito; "Auchmalea Reichenbach, 1850, Avium Systema Naturale, pl. LIX (no specific names given). Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 40), Alauda nigra Boddaert, i.e. Alauda nigri Boddaert, 1783 (not Alauda nigra Boddaert, 1783) = Alauda rufa Gmelin, 1789." (JAJ 2020).

(Ramphastidae; Ϯ Groove-billed Toucanet A. sulcatus) Gr. αυλαξ aulax,αυλακος aulakos furrow; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "A specimen was placed on the table of a Toucan, apparently hitherto undescribed ... By its comparativelyshort bill, which is furrowed on the sides, and broad and flattened on the culmen, with the base of the under mandible extending obliquely beyond the line of the eye; by the shortness and roundness of its wings, of which the fourth quill-feather is the longest, the fifth, sixth, and seventh being nearly of the same length; and by the comparative shortness of the tail, which is less decidedly graduated than in the typical Pteroglossi; this bird agrees with the species described in Mr. Gould's 'Monograph of the Ramphastidæ,' as the Pter. prasinus, Licht., and Pter. sulcatus, Swains. With those species Mr. Gould proposes to associate it in a group, to be designated, on account of the grooved bills of the Birds comprised in it, Aulacorhynchus. From the other two species it is readily distinguishable by the white band nearly surrounding the base of its bill, and by the blood-red spot on the rump. The latter character affords the trivial nameof the species, which may, for the present, be inserted in the account of the Toucans given by Mr. Gould at the Meeting of July 8, 1834, (page 78,) immediately before the Pter. prasinus, Licht. PTER. HÆMATOPYGUS." (Gould 1835); "Aulacorhynchus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 2, 1834 (1835), p. 147. Type, by subsequent designation, A. sulcatus (Swains.) = Pteroglossus sulcatus Swainson. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 50)." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 70).
Var. Aulacorrhynchus, Aulacorrynchus,Aulacorynchus.
Synon. Aulacops, Aulacoramphus, Aulacorhamphus, Ramphoxanthus, Rhamphoxanthus.

Unalaska, Aleutian Is., Alaska.
● "Locality 'Aoonalashka' almost certainly wrong" (Stresemann 1950); ex “Aoonalashkan Oriole” of Latham 1782 (unident.; ?Plectrophenax sp.).

L. aureus golden < aurum gold; Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

L. aureus golden < aurum gold; Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

(Turdidae; syn. Geokichla † Orange Ground Thrush G. gurneyi) L. aurum gold; Gr. κιχλη kikhlē thrush (JG; see Manuscript-names).

L. aurum gold; Gr. ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

Gr. αυτοχθων autokhthōn,αυτοχθονος autokhthonos native, indigene.

L. autochthones aborigines, indigenes < Gr. αυτοχθων autokhthōn, αυτοχθονος autokhthonos native, indigene.

(Scolopacidae;unidentifiable;?syn. Calidris) French Autruche ostrich < Old French Ostriche or Ostruce ostrich < Med. L. avis struthio (alluding totwo toes); "Que nous avons trouvé dans une collection des dessins, rassemblés par feu Levaillant, la figure du petit gralle bi-dactyle dont il n'est pas fait mention; cette figure n'était accompagnée d'aucune notice, pas même de nom ni d'origine indiqués. La taille de ce singulier oiseau est celle de la grive; le bec ressemble exactement à celui des pluviers; les pieds sont aussi comme ceux de ce genre d'oiseaux, seulement avec cette différence que les doigts sont au nombre de deux; l'interne long et l'externe de moitié plus court; le plumage est d'un gris brun, unicolore partout. ... Ce serait un genre très-intéressant dans cet ordre d'oiseaux; si on parvient à le découvrir, on pourrait lui donner pour nom générique Autruchon" (Temminck, 1840, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2nd ed., IV, p. 347).

Doubtless based on an autochthonym in Kamchatka for a warbler or some other passerine; ex “Awatcha Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (unident.)

Doubtless a European variant of Turkish honorificpasha or paşa for a high-ranking governor or military commander (e.g. former English equivalent bashaw), from the woodpecker’s large size and imposing appearance (cf. L. bacchus wine (i.e. wine-coloured), from the colour of the luxurious crest) (syn. Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus).

Levaillant's 1797, pl. 15, name Bacha for the Crested Serpent Eagle, from the Hindi name Bāsha for the female Eurasian Sparrowhawk (the male is Bāshīn); "The European Sparrow-Hawk, Jerdon; Basha♀, Bashin *♂, H. ... * As noticed by Blyth,J. A. S. B. xix, p. 331, Basha is a masculine noun and, it may be added, Bashinis feminine. It is not probable that native falconers mistake the sex of Hawks, as they evidently know those of Falcons." (Blanford 1895)(cf. Hindi name Bhyri bacha for the tiercel Peregrine Falcon; “Falco peregrinus … It is the Bas of the Bucharians and Basi of the Persians according to Pallas.” (Jerdon, 1862, Birds of India, I, p. 21)) (syn. Spilornis bido).

(Accipitridae; syn. Spilornis † Crested Serpent Eagle S. cheela bido) Hindi name Bāsha for the female Eurasian Sparrowhawk (the male is Bāshīn) (cf. specific name Falco bacha Daudin 1800 (= syn. Spilornis cheela bido)); "Buteidæ { Buteopernis, Ictinia, Buteo, Circus, Serpentarius, Bacha, Polyborus." (Jameson, 1840, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., I (3), p. 320 (nom. nud.)).

Prof. Vitaly Andreyevich Khakhlov (1890-1983) Russian palaeontologist, comparative anatomist, marginalised for believing in the Abominable Snowman (syn. Eremophila alpestris brandti).

Revd. Dr John Bachman (1790-1874) US scientist, naturalist, close friend of Audubon (subsp.Haematopus ater, subsp. Peucaea aestivalis, ‡Vermivora).

Perhaps from an Amharic name; ex "Yellow Bagla Finch” of Bruce 1790 (of which "Baglafecht" is probably a French homophone or misspelling; "C'est un oiseau d'Abissinie, qui a beaucoup de rapport avec le toucnam-courvi" (Daudin 1802)) (cf. Bagla or Geez, a people and their classical language of Ethiopia) (see guifsobalito) (Ploceus).

Lake Balkhash or Balqash, south-eastern Kazakhstan (Laurent Raty in litt.).

(Bucerotidae; syn. Bycanistes † Silvery-cheeked Hornbill B. brevis omissus) Genus Baryrhynchus Roberts, 1922, hornbill; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs resembling; "Baryrhynchus Roberts, Annals Transvaal Museum VIII. pt. 4. p. 214 (1922) (Bucerotidae) kollidiert mit Baryrhynchus Lacordaire, Gen. Col. VII. p. 426 u. 428 (1866) und möge Baryrhynchodes Strand n. n. neubenannt werden."(Strand 1928) (OD per Laurent Raty); "Baryrhynchodes Strand, 1928, Archiv für Naturgesch., 92 A (8), p. 57. New name for Baryrhynchus Roberts, 1922, not of Lacordaire, 1866 (Coleoptera)." (JAJ 2020).

(Bucerotidae;syn. Bycanistes Ϯ Silvery-cheeked Hornbill B. brevis omissus) Gr. βαρυς barus heavy; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; ""Bycanistes" cristatus (Rüppell) should be placed in a new genus bearing the name of BARYRHYNCHUS, of which it is the genotype; it differs from Bycanistes bucinator Temminck in size, in having a very large, inflated casque, and a style of coloration more like that of Sphagolabus." (A. Roberts 1922); "Baryrhynchus Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 8, 1922, p. 214. Type, by original designation, Buceros cristatus Rüppell. Not Baryrhynchus Lacordaire, 1866. ... Bycanistes brevis omissus Nomen nov. Buceros cristatus Rüppell, Neue Wirbelth., 1835, Vög., p. 3, pl. 1. (Goraza on Lake Tsana, Ethiopia.) Not Buceros cristatus Vieillot, 1816." (Peters, 1945, V, pp. 268-269).

Bashkiri Steppes, Bashkortostan, south-western Russia.

NinionBatchelor (1824-1908) Scottish/Australian mariner, naturalist, collector (Laurent Raty and Paul Scofieldin litt.) (syn. Stercorarius antarcticus).

Batjan I., Moluccas, Indonesia.

Gr. βαθυχρους bathukhrous deep-coloured < βαθυς bathus deep; χροα khroa,χροας khroas appearance, colour < χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion.

(Paradoxornithidae; syn. Paradoxornis† White-breasted Parrotbill P. ruficeps) Gr. βαθυς bathus high, deep; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; “1027. Paradoxornis, Gould. (Bathyrhynchus, Mac Clell. Heteromorpha, Hodgs.) ... b. Bathyrhynchus. Ad Paridas accedit! 4. P. ruficeps, Blyth. (Heteromorpha ruficeps, Blyth, Cat. 527.) Journ. As. Soc. XI. p. 187. et XII. p. 1010. cum fig. ex Bootan, Arakan. Pileo rufo. 5. P. caniceps, Blyth. (Heteromorpha caniceps, Blyth, Cat. 528.) Journ. As. Soc. XVIII. p. 189. ex Sikim. Darjiling. Pileo cinereo.” (Bonaparte 1850); “Bathyrhynchus Bonaparte, 1850, Conspectus Generum Avium, I (II), p. 500. Not Bathyrhynchus, i.e. Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1838. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 82), Paradoxornis ruficeps Blyth, 1842. Although Bathyrhynchus Bonaparte, 1850, supercedes Psittiparus Hellmayr, 1903, the name should be treated as a nomen oblitum, having long been considered and treated as a lapsus for Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1838, despite the difference in spelling.” (JAJ 2022).
Var. Bathychynchus.

Gr. βαθυς bathus high, deep; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill;

(Paradoxornithidae;syn. Paradoxornis Ϯ Black-breasted Parrotbill P. flavirostris) Gr. βαθυς bathus high, deep; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "The following unique species I have formed into a new genus which I name Bathyrynchus* but to what family it belongs I cannot venture to determine. It approaches the Strigidæ (Owls) by the general form of the head, while the plumage approaches that of Swainson's Scotophilus perlatus (Nat. lib. vol. vii. page 130). GENERIC CHARACTERS.—Beak much compressed, and thrice the depth of its breadth at the base, mandibles strong, equally arched and meeting in an obtuse point in front without a hook; nostrils concealed by feathers. BATHYRYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS Mihi"(McClelland 1838); "Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1837 (Oct.), Quart. Journ. Calcutta Med. Phys. Soc., [1], no. 4, p. 531. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Bathyrynchus brevirostris McClelland [= Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould]."(Deignan in Peters, 1964, X, p. 431); "Bathyrynchus McClelland, 1837 (Nov.) [= 1838], India Review, 2, p. 513. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Bathyrynchus brevirostris McClelland [= Paradoxornis flavirostris Gould]." (Deignan in Peters, 1964, X, p. 431) (see Bathyrhynchus).

(Podargidae; Ϯ Large Frogmouth B. auritus) Gr. βατραχος batrakhos frog; στομα stoma,στοματος stomatos mouth. "Rostrum capite latius ad apicem abrupte acuminatum deflexum, maxilla inverse spatulæformis, culmine carinato" (Horsfield 1821); "Its characters are like those of Podargus Javanensis of Dr Horsfield, having many long loose feathers proceeding horizontally from the root of the upper mandible, which gives the bird a singular and grotesque appearance" (J. Gray 1829); "Genus BATRACHOSTOMUS, Gould. CHARACTERES GENERICI. Rostrum latius, ac magis depressum quam in genere Podargus dicto, (cui generi hoc approximat) culmine minus carinato. Nares tubulares, transversim positæ et penicillis tectæ. Oculi superne cute nuda late marginati, et cristulis plumosis, altera superciliari, altera infra-oculari, postice spectantibus instructi. Alæ quamin Podargo longiores, remigibus quarto, quinto, sexto et septimo longissimis et inter se fereæqualibus. Cauda mediocris et rotundata. Tarsi digitique non tantum breviores sed debiliores quam in Podargo; tarsi antice per dimidium plumosi. BATRACHOSTOMUS AURITUS. ... It is a native of Sumatra, Malacca, &c. ... but nothing whatever is known as to its habits or economy."(Gould 1838); "Batrachostomus Gould, Icones Av., pt. 2, 1838, pl. [17] and text. Type, by monotypy, Podargus auritus J. E. Gray." (Peters, 1940, IV, p. 177).
Var. Batraeostomus, Batrochostomus.
Synon. Bombycistoma, Otothrix.

Rear-Adm. Frederick William Beechey (1796-1856) British geographer, explorer in the Pacific 1825-1828, President of the Royal Geographical Society 1855-1856 (syn. Catamenia inornata, Cyanocorax).

Bechuanaland /Botswana.

(Petroicidae;syn. Petroica Ϯ Rose Robin P. rosea) Sir Charles Frederic Belcher (1876-1970) Australian jurist, ornithologist, founder member of RAOU; "637. BELCHERA, gen. nov. Differs from Erythrodryas in its shorter broader bill, with weaker legs and feet; the wing has the fourth primary longest and the first primary proportionately shorter than in the genus named, which has also the fifth primary longest. The tail is almost square. Type, Petroica rosea Gould." (Mathews 1912); "Belchera Mathews, 1912, Austral Avian Rec., 1, p. 109. Type, by original designation, Petroica rosea Gould." (Mayr in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 562).

● Sir Charles Frederic Belcher (1876-1970) Australian jurist, ornithologist, founder member of RAOU, Attorney-Gen. in Nyasaland 1920-1927, Chief Justice of Cyprus 1927-1930, Chief Justice of Trinidad & Tobago 1930-1937 (subsp. Cryptolybia olivacea, subsp. Geokichla guttata, syn. Hylacola pyrrhopygia, Pachyptila, syn. Pelecanoides urinatrix, syn. Poecilodryas cerviniventris, syn. Poephila personata, syn. Thalassarche melanophris).
● Adm. Sir Edward Belcher (1799-1877) Royal Navy, explorer on the Pacific coast of America 1825-1828, in the Arctic 1852-1854 (Larus).

German Beludsch Baluchi.

Jacob Bensbach (1842-1897) Dutch Assistant Resident in Celebes 1885-1888, Resident at Ternate in the Moluccas 1888-1894, explorer, collector (‡Janthothorax).

Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig Graf von Berlepsch (1850-1915) German ornithologist, collector specialising in the Neotropical avifauna (syn. Acrochordopus burmeisteri (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.),Aglaiocercus, Anthocephala, Asthenes, Catharus, subsp.Ceratopipra erythrocephala,Chaetocercus, subsp. Chamaeza campanisona, subsp. Chlorostilbon lucidus(ex Chlorostilbon splendidus egregius von Berlepsch & Ihering, 1885), subsp. Colius striatus, subsp. Conopias trivirgatus, Crypturellus, Dacnis, syn. Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus, subsp. Dryobates mixtus, syn. Eremophila teleschowi, syn. Eriocnemis vestita, syn. Eubucco richardsoni aurantiicollis (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.), subsp. Hafferia zeledoni, syn. Heliodoxa jacula henryi, syn. Henicorhina leucophrys, syn. Hylopezus macularius paraensis, subsp.Leptasthenura aegithaloides, subsp. Lesbia victoriae, subsp. Merganetta armata, subsp. Mitrephanes phaeocercus, syn. Myiornis auricularis, subsp. Myrmoborus lugubris, Myrmothera, subsp. Myrmotherula menetriesii, subsp. Ochthoeca fumicolor, Parotia, Patagioenas, subsp. Phaeochroa cuvierii, syn. Phaethornis syrmatophorus, syn. Pheugopedius coraya (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.), subsp. Phimosus infuscatus, syn. Phyllomyias fasciatus (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.), subsp. Polioptila dumicola, subsp. Pseudotriccus pelzelni, subsp.Pyrrhura melanura, Rhegmatorhina, syn. Sicalis olivascens, Sipia, subsp. Sphenopsis melanotis, subsp. Tangara nigroviridis, subsp. Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus, subsp. Thraupis episcopus,Thripophaga, subsp. Tolmomyias sulphurescens, syn. Turdus albicollis spodiolaemus, subsp. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus).

(Furnariidae; † Point-tailed Palmcreeper B. rikeri) Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig Graf von Berlepsch (1850-1915) German ornithologist, collector specialising in the Neotropical avifauna; "Berlepschia, gen. nov. GENERIC CHARACTERS.—Most like Pseudocolaptes, REICHENBACH, but with the wing more pointed (first quill longer than fifth instead of shorter than tenth),feet much weaker (tarsus not longer than bill from frontal feathers),tail-feathers narrower and more pointed at tips, and coloration very different (type species with lower parts streaked and spotted with black and white, top of head and hind-neck black streaked with white, back scapulars, greater portion of wings, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail plain cinnamon-rufous or rusty). Type, Picolaptes rikeri RIDGW. The type species of this new genus was at first referred to Picolaptes, but Count von Berlepsch, to whom itwas sent for examination, has kindly pointed out its radical differences from that genus and its relationship to Pseudocolaptes, facts which are at once obvious when the proper comparison is made. In selecting a name for this new genus, I can think of none more fitting than that given at the head of this article as a slight recognition of Count von Berlepsch's eminent services in the careful elucidation of Neotropical ornithology."(Ridgway 1887); "Berlepschia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 151, July 1887—type [by original designation] Picolaptes rikeri RIDGWAY." (Hellmayr, 1925, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IV, p. 181).
●(Tityridae; syn. Pachyramphus † Green-backed Becard P. viridis) "Berlepschia chrysoblephara W. Bertoni (gen. nov.) (Jénero dedicado al célebre naturalista alemán, Conde de Berlepsch; n. especif., del griego chrysos, oro, y blepharon, párpado:que tiene los párpados de oro)" (Bertoni 1901); "Berlepschia (not of RIDGWAY, 1887) BERTONI, Anal. Cient. Parag., Ser. I, No. 1, p. 114, 1901—type by monotypy Berlepschia chrysoblephara BERTONI = Tityra viridis VIEILLOT." (Hellmayr, 1929, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VI, p. 164).

(Dicruridae;syn.DicrurusϮ Black Drongo D. macrocercus albirictus) Hindi names Bhuchanjā and Bhujangā for the Black Drongo (see Dicrurus); "Subgenus Bhùchanga nobis. 4th Species. Indicus necnon Fingah auctorum? Albirictus or spotted gape nobis. Described by me, some years ago, in the Asiatic Society's Transactions. Distinguished from all the precedent, by its familiarity with man, by its simple plumage, by its parabolic evolutions in the air, by the superior length and power of its wings, its deeply forked tail, its shorter and unfeathered tongue, its feebler thumb, its more or less conical bill, and its non-apivorous habits. In the strength of its legs and feet it more nearly resemble [sic] casia and malabaroïdes than tectirostris; but, in the form and size of its bill, is it much liker to the latter than to the former. ... 5th Species, new? Fingah? Æratus? auctorum. Annectans nobis. Annectant Bhuchanga nobis." (Hodgson 1836); "Bhuchanga Hodgson, 1836, India Rev., 1, p. 326. Type, by subsequent designation, Bhuchanga albirictus Hodgson (Sharpe, 1877, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 245)." (Vaurie in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 138).
Var. Bhuganga, Buchanga.

Valentin Lvovich Bianchi (1857-1920) Russian ornithologist, Curator of Imperial Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg (subsp. Certhia familiaris, syn. Cinclus cinclus leucogaster, subsp. Lanius borealis, subsp. Phasianus colchicus, syn. Phylloscopus affinis, syn. Phylloscopus subaffinis, syn. Poecile montanus borealis, syn. Turdus fumigatus).

(Hydrobatidae;syn.HydrobatesϮ Matsudaira's Storm-petrel H. matsudairae) Portmanteau of surname Bianchi (after Valentin Lvovich Bianchi(or Bianki) (1857-1920) Russian ornithologist) and genus Oceanodroma Reichenbach, 1853, storm-petrel; "From the above remarks we have melania in a monotypic genus, and it seems that we may place matsudairae near the genus Cymochorea, the genotype of which has the wing on an average about twice the length of the tail. Inthe species homochroa, markhami and matsudairae, the length of the wing is noticeably shorter than twice the tail measuremen [sic]. The proportional measurements of the culmen-tarsus of the above three are also about the same.To emphasise these points, thenew subgenus Bianchoma is here proposed with genotype matsudairae. ... The all-dark species included in the sub-genus Bianchoma are homochroa, markhami and its genotype matsudairae. Loomelania contains melania; Stonowa contains owstoni; Thalobata contains castro and its subspecies. This agrees more or less with the work done by Bianchi in 1913." (Mathews 1943)(OD per Alison Harding); "Bianchoma Mathews and Hallstrom, 1943, Notes on the Order Procellariiformes, p. 29. Type, by original designation, matsudairae = Oceanodroma matsudairae Kuroda, 1922." (JAJ 2020).

● Temminck 1825, believed the original Linnaean epithet of “biarmicus” (see below under Panurus) meant ‘bearded’ when he gave that name to the Lanner Falcon (“Faucon biarmique”), with reference to its moustached appearance (see below under Thripias namaquus) (cf. "The species name biarmicus comes from the Latin bi and armicus for 'two' and 'armed', apparently in reference to the bill's tip and 'tooth'." (Clark & Davies 2018)) (Falco).
● According to Newton & Gadow 1896, the Bearded Reedling was named, erroneously, after Biarmia, an old name for the district of Perm in northern Russia, and this etymology is supported by BOU 1915, and Tyrberg in litt.: “Bjarmaland, the old Norse name for the area around the White Sea. This name is first mentioned in the voyage of Ohthere which is appended to Alfred the Great’s edition [c. 890 AD] of Orosius, but it is also mentioned in several Norse sagas, and the name was well known to mediaeval Scandinavian chroniclers ... The name was latinized as Biarmia, and this is the form used by Olaus Magnus in his Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (1555) and in his map of northern Europe (1567), though by this time Biarmia had become a semi-mythical region somewhere northeast of Sweden and Finland. Olaus Magnus’ History was certainly known by Linnaeus ... It is not clear why Linnaeus should have associated the Bearded Tit with this area, but the fact that at least in Fauna Svecica (1761) and the twelfth edition of Systema Naturae he partially confused the Bearded Tit and the Long-tailed Tit may have some bearing on this” (cf. Albin’s 1738, names “Beardmanica” and “Beard Manica from Juteland” for this bird); "100. PARUS. ... biarmicus. 8. P. vertice cano, cauda corpore longiore. Parus beardmanicus. Alb. av. I. p. 46. t. 48. Lanius minimus. Edw. av. 55. t. 55. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Panurus).
● ex “Pic à Doubles Moustaches” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 251. "Picus biarmicus (!)**) Cuv. in Mus. Paris. ... **) Die Bartmeise (Panurus biarmicus Koch) wurde zuerst in Perm (= Biarmien) entdeckt und desshalb von Linné als Parus biarmicus beschrieben; Cuvier sowohl wie Temminck nahmen nun diesen Namen irrthümlich genug nicht als geographisches Adjectivum sondern glaubten, durch die Anfangssylbe bi, welche sie auf bis deuteten, verleitet, derselbe heisse soviel als "mit zwei Bartstreifen"!!, und nannten so jener den vorliegenden africanischen Laubspecht dieser den cap'schen Edelfalken biarmicus." (Cabanis & Heine 1863)(syn. Thripias namaquus).

(Estrildidae; syn.Stizoptera† Double-barred Finch S. bichenovii) James Ebenezer Bicheno (1785-1851) English barrister, Secretary of the Linnean Society of London 1825-1832, Colonial Secretary for Tasmania 1842-1851, botanist; "Stictoptera Reichenbach (Singv. p. 31, 1861) is preoccupied by Stictoptera Guénée (Noct. iii. p. 51, 1852), a genus used for Lepidoptera, Fam. Noctuidæ. To replace it I propose the name Bichenoa, with type species bichenovii (Vig. & Horsf.) from Australia. The genus also includes B. annulosa (Gould), from N. & N.W. Australia. Mr. J. E. Bicheno was Secretary of the Linnean Society of London from 1825 to 1832. Vigors and Horsfield in describing bichenovii dedicateit to him thus: "In honorem viri nobis amicissimi JACOBI E. BICHENO, Armigeri, Linneanæ Societatis SECRETARII, Zoologiæ studiosissimi, hæc species perpulchra nominatur." (Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. 1827, vol. xv. p. 258.) One may hope perhaps, therefore, that the commemoration of Mr. Bicheno's name in this additional manner would have found favour with the original authors of the species." (Moulton 1923); "Bichenoa Moulton, 1923, Ibis, p. 728. New name for Stictoptera Reichenbach, 1862, not ofGuénée, 1852 (Lepidoptera)." (JAJ 2021).

James Ebenezer Bicheno (1785-1851) English barrister, Colonial Secretary for Tasmania 1842-1851, botanist (Stizoptera).

Leo Biesenbach (1895-1969) German tea-merchant in Java (Paul Scofield in litt.) (subsp. Turdus javanicus).

Stanislav Iosifovich Bil'kevich (1864-1937) Russian zoologist, collector in Transcaspia (Martin Schneider in litt.) (syn. Bucanetes githaginea crassirostris, subsp. Chloris chloris, syn. Cinclus cinclus leucogaster, syn. Riparia paludicola chinensis, subsp. Trochalopteron lineatum).

Binescho, Kaffa, south-western Abyssinia / Binesho, Ethiopia.

Eponym (Seebohm 1881, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., V, 289: "Birchall's Thrush-Robin"). Wynne 1969, cautiously suggests British businessman Edwin Birchall (1819-1884) (subsp. Catharus aurantiirostris).

● Dean HobbsBlanchard (1912-1999) US zoologist, collector in Ethiopia 1933-1934 (syn. Periparus rufonuchalis).
● Paul Marie Alexis Joseph Blanchard de la Brosse (1872-1945) French colonial administrator, Administrator of the Leased Territory of Kwangchowan, China 1922, 1925-1926, Gov. of Cochinchina 1926-1929 (syn. Schoeniparus rufogularis stevensi).

Capt. Alfred Blanchet (1872-1944) French Army, ornithologist, collector in Tunisia 1914-1917, novelist, poet (syn. Falco peregrinus calidus).

Col. François Michel ÉmileBlanchot de Verly (1735-1807) French Army, Gov. of Senegal 1787-1807 (Malaconotus (ex “Pie-grièche Blanchot” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 285)).

(Tyrannidae; syn. Knipolegus † Crested Black Tyrant K. lophotes) Gr. βληχρος blēkhros weak, small; πους pous,ποδος podos foot; "Blechropus, Sw. Bill short, triangular, somewhat conic, but depressed. Culmen obsolete. Nostrils round, pierced in the substance of the bill. Wings moderate; the third quill longest. Feet small, weak. - N.B. The bill much resembles that of Pachycephala. Plumage more or less black. Pepoaza Azara. No species figured." (Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 256); "CRESTED BLACK WATER-CHAT. Blechropus cristatus, SWAINS. ... Muscicapa comata, Lich. in leteris. THE bird we have here selected as an example of the genus Blechropus, will serve to show in what respect this group differs from that of Fluvicolina" (Swainson 1838); "Blechropus Swainson, 1838, Naturalist's Library, XXI, Ornithology, X, Flycatchers, p. 99. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa comata Lichtenstein, 1823 (not of Gmelin, 1789) = Blechropus cristatus Swainson, 1838 (not of Lesson, 1831) = Knipolegus lophotes Hellmayr, 1927 (ex "Muscicapa lophotes" Temminck MS)." (JAJ 2022).

Julius Lucius Brenchley (1816-1873) English traveller, collector in Melanesia (Ducula, syn. Megapodius eremita, subsp. Rhipidura albiscapa).

Samuel Bligh (1837-1913) English coffee planter in Ceylon 1872-1887 (subsp. Ketupa nipalensis, Myophonus).

Prof. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840) German anatomist, anthropologist (Crax).

Bokhara, Turkistan /Bukhara or Buxoro, Uzbekistan.

L. boscas, boscadis or boscis, boscidis duck < Gr. βοσκας boskas, βασκας baskas or φασκας phaskas wild duck; "61 ANAS. ... Boschas. 34. A. rectricibus intermediis (maris) recurvatis, rostro recto. Fn. Svec. 97. Anas fera torquata minor. Gesn. av. 114. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 25. Raj. av. 145. Boschas major. Will. orn. 284. t. 72. Alb. av 2. p. 89. t. 100. β. Anas domestica. Jonst. av. 141. t. 49. Will. orn. 293. t. 75. Aldr. orn. l. 19. c. 35. Gesn. av. 96. Raj. av. 150. Habitat in Europæ lacubus; & mansueta. Mas autumno feminis similis; ova numerosa parere incipit florescente Hepatica. Victitat Ranis, Culicibus, Lemna." (Linnaeus 1758); “It was first shown by Lönnberg (Journ. f. Orn. 1906, p. 528) that Linnaeus described the female Mallard under the name A. platyrhynchos on p. 125, and the male as A. boschas on p. 127 of his 10^th edition. Although in his 12^th edition Linnaeus states that the A. platyrhynchos of the 10^th edition is a synonymn of A. clypeata, it must have been due to an error or lapse, as the description ...can only refer to the Mallard and cannot possibly apply to the Shoveler. The correct name under the code is undoubtedly the first, but this is a case where the Committee consider the generally known name should be conserved, as it has been invariably used since 1758 until quite recently” (BOU 1915) (syn. Anas platyrhynchos).

(Ploceidae; syn. Euplectes † Fire-crowned Bishop E. diadematus) Dim. after Dr. Hans Paul Heinrich Franz von Boetticher (1886-1958) Baltic German zoologist; "Gattung: Euplectes SWAINSON. ... c) Subgenus: Boetticherella subg. nov. Eine sehr deutlich gekennzeichnetes Subgenus mit sehr kurzem, fast girlitzartigen Schnabel, der es von allenübrigen Feuerwebern unterscheidet; Schwanz relativ lang, in der Gefiederfärbung des Brutkleidesähnlich Taha REICHB., aber mit roter Stirn, Typus, hier bezeichnet Euplectes diadematus FISCHER & REICHENOW, Orn. Zbl. 1878, 88. Es ist mir ein Vergnügen, dieses Subgenus nach Herrn. Dr. v. BOETTICHER, dem Verfasser der Feuerweber-Studie im Anz. orn. Ges. Bayern 1941, zu benennen. Einzige Art: E. diademata." (Wolters 1943) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Boetticherella Wolters, 1943, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143, p. 183. Type, by original designation, Euplectes diadematus Fischer and Reichenow, 1878." (JAJ 2021).

Dr. Hans Paul Heinrich Franz von Boetticher (1886-1958) Baltic German zoologist (syn. Onychognathus morio, syn. Passer montanus).

(Psittacidae; Ϯ Barred Parakeet B. lineola) Gr. βολβος bolbos bulb (i.e. bulbous); ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "small parrots with broad, blunt bills" (Forshaw & Cooper 1973); "Quoique M. Cassin et M. de Souancé paraissent avoir décrit la même espèce sous les deux noms de lineola du Mexique et du tigrina de Venezuela, il n'en est pas moins vrai que la Myiopsitta, ou, pour mieux dire, que le Bolborhynchus du Mexique diffère de celui de Caraccas. Le premier de ces savants se serait-il laissé induire en erreur sur la provenance? Voici les phrases comparatives de ces races: 54. Bolborhynchus tigrinus, Bp. (Myopsitta tigrina, Souancé, - Psittacula lineola? Cass. Proceed. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. VI, 1853, p. 373, sp. 2, exl. patria). Rev. Zool. Guérin, 1856, p. 144. Mus. Paris. a Levrault ex Caraccas. ... 55. Bolborhynchus catharina, Bp. (Myopsitta catharina, Bp., - Myopsitta lineola, Bp. in Comptes rendus Ac. Sc. et in Naumannia, 1856) Mus. Paris. a Sallæo ex Mexico, Tulancingo" (Bonaparte 1857) (OD per Laurent Raty); "Bolborhynchus Bonaparte, Remarques Obs. Blanchard Caractères Psittacides, etc., 1857, p. 6. Type, by subsequent designation, Myiopsitta catharina Bonaparte = Psittacula lineola Cassin (Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, 1915, p. 183.)" (Peters, 1937, III, p. 201) (see Amoropsittaca).
Var. Bolborrhynchus.
Synon. Grammopsittaca.

(Tyrannidae;syn. HemitriccusϮ Eye-ringed Tody Tyrant H. orbitatus) "Bornscheinia Kohler, Cohn-Haft, Aleixo, Brumfield & Ribas nov. gen. Type species: Hemitriccus orbitatus (Wied, 1831) Included species: Bornscheinia orbitata (Wied, 1831); Bornscheinia mirandae (Snethlage, 1925) and Bornscheinia kaempferi (Zimmer, 1953). Etymology: The feminine generic name is taken from the surname of Marcos Ricardo Bornschein [b. 1968], ornithologist from Paraná state, southern Brazil, who studies the biogeography and evolution of Atlantic Forest birds and who has developed projects for the conservation of Hemitriccus kaempferi in the southern Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina." (Kohler et al. in Kohler 2017);"Bornscheinia Kohler et al. in Kohler thesis, 2017, Filogenia da subfamilia Todirostrinae, etc., Inst. Nac. Pesquisas Amazônia, Manaus. Type by original designation, Hemitriccus orbitatus, i.e. Euscarthmus orbitatus zu Wied, 1831." (JAJ 2020).

(Anatidae; syn. Anas † Mallard A. platyrhynchos) L. boscas, boscadis or boscis, boscidis duck < Gr. βοσκας boskas,βασκας baskas, orφασκας phaskas wild duck (cf. specific name Anas boschas Linnaeus, 1758 (= syn. Anas platyrhynchos)); "The precise point of junction between the Pin-tails and that group which was known to the ancients by the name of BOSCHAS, has not yet been explained. Under this subgenus we comprehend all those ducks usually denominated Teals, togetherwith the Mallard, long domesticated in our poultry yards." (Swainson 1831; Swainson 1832); "Boschas Swainson, Journ. Roy. Inst. Gt. Brit. vol. ii. pt. 4, p. 20, Aug.1831; and Fauna Bor. Amer. Birds, p. 442, "1831" = Feb. 1832. Type (by tautonymy): Anas domestica "Brisson" = Anas platyrhynchos Linné." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 214); "Boschas Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., 2, "1831," p. 442, pub. Feb., 1832—type, by tautonymy, Anas boschas Linnaeus = Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 325).

Jules Félicien Romain Stanislas van den Bossche (1819-1889) Dutch colonial administrator, Assistant-Resident in Sumatra 1840-1850, Gov. of Dutch Gold Coast 1857, Resident of Bangka 1859-1861, Resident of Besuki 1861-1862, Gov. of West Sumatra 1862-1868, Counsellor of Dutch East Indies 1868-1871 (syn. Falco cuvierii, syn. Hydrornis irena).

(Threskiornithidae; Ϯ Wattled Ibis B. carunculata) Gr. βοστρυχιον bostrukhion little curl, ornament < βοστρυχος bostrukhos curl, tendril ("The wattle is a thin, dusky red pendant, up to 20 mm long, which hangs from the lower throat" (Hancocket al. 1992) (cf. erroneous Hockeyet al. 2005: "= curved , referring to curved beak")); "11. G[eronticus]. carunculatus (Rüpp.) Faun. Abyss. t. 19. - Type of Bostrychia Reich. (1845?)." (G. Gray 1847); "Genera et Species typicae. ... δ. *Bostrychia Wagl. carunculata (Ibis —Rüpp.) W. Ic. Av. t. 143. ic. 1011." (Reichenbach 1853); "Bostrychia Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturale, p. XIV. Type, by original designation, Ibis carunculata Rüppell, 1837." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Rostrychia.
Synon. Hagedashia, Lampribis, Oreoibis, Parnopio, Phimosus.

(Pycnonotidae; syn. Pycnonotus † White-cheeked Bulbul P. leucogenys) Gr. βοστρυχος bostrukhos curl; λοφος lophos crest; "I am sorry to say that amongst the new generic names, occurring in my recent paper on the genus Pycnonotus and some allied Genera (N.L.M. XVII), Centrolophus and Gymnocrotaphus are already preoccupied among the Fishes, the first being used by Lacépède, the second by Günther. I propose, therefore, to substitute the name Centrolophus (pp. 226 and 230) by Bostrycholophus (curl-crest) on account of the upward-bent longer crest-feathers, and the name Gymnocrotaphus (pp. 227 and 245) by Bonapartia, Bonaparte being the author of the single species of this peculiar genus." (Büttikofer 1896); "Bostrycholophus Büttikofer, 1896, Notes Leyden Mus., 18, p. 58. New name for Centrolophus Büttikofer, 1896, not of de Lacépède, 1802 (Pisces)." (JAJ 2021).

Dr Theodore W. Bouchelle (1876-1934) surgeon and metallurgist at Eden Goldmine, near Bonanza, Nicaragua (subsp. Streptoprocne zonaris).

William John Burchell (1781-1863) British naturalist, collector, explorer in South Africa 1811-1815 and Brazil 1825-1830 (Centropus, syn. Chaetops frenatus, syn. Cursorius rufus, syn. Gallirex porphyreolophus, syn. Lamprotornis australis, Pterocles).

L. bracatus trousered, wearing trousers < bracae breeches, trousers.

Gr.βραχυς brakhus short; L. alis winged <ala wing.

(Laridae; syn.Chroicocephalus† Slender-billed Gull C. genei) Carl Friedrich Bruch (1789-1857) German zoologist; genus Gavia Bruch, 1853, gull; "*209. Bruchigavia, Bp. 1856. (Gavia, Bruch. nec Auct. - Gelastes, p. Bp. ant. - Larus, Gr. - Gavia, Reich.) Rostrum breve robustulum, compactum, valde angulatum; nares oblongae: pedes breves, validiculi: alae modicae: cauda brevis! Caput omni tempore album, immaculatum. Pacific. 4. 1? G. corallinus, Bp. (Larus maculipennis? Aliq.) ... 2. GELASTES gouldi, Bp. (Larus pacificus! Mus. Paris. nec Lath. - L. novae-hollandiae var. Blyth. Cat. sp. 1693. - Gavia jamesoni et G. gouldii, Bruch. - Bruchigavia gouldi, Bp.) ... 3. LARUS CANUS, Anderson, nec L. (novae-hollandiae? Steph. juv. - scopulinus? Forst. - jamesoni, Wils. - Xema! jamesoni, Gould. - Gavia andersoni, Bruch. - Gelastes hinc Bruchigavia jamesoni, Bp.) ... 4. LARUS pomare, Bruch. (minutus ex Nova Zelandiae, Auct. - schimperi, Bp. Mus. Paris. 1851 - Gavia pomare, Bruch. - Bruchigavia pomare, Bp.)" (Bonaparte 1857); "Bruchigavia Bonaparte, 1857, Conspectus Generum Avium, II, p. 228. New name for Gavia Bruch, 1853, not of authors. Despite Bonaparte's list of species and the subsequent citation of Larus novaehollandiae as type by Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 147, Bruchigavia Bonaparte, 1857, must retain the same type as Gavia Bruch, 1853, and the name the latter replaced, Gelastes "Bp. MS" Bruch, 1853." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Brachigavia, Bradygavia.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πους pous,ποδος podos foot.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ουρα ourα tail.
●(Conopophagidae; syn. Conopophaga † Black-cheeked Gnateater C. melanops) "Brachyurus THUNBERG, Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Handl., 1821, Part 2, p. 371 (types Brachyurus gularis and B. ruber = Conopophaga m. melanops [VIEILLOT])." (Hellmayr, 1924, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. III, 25) (see next sub-entry). Laurent Raty in litt. considers Hellmayr's statement of multiple types (latterly treated as the male and female of the same species) as invalid.
●(Pittidae; syn. Pitta † Indian Pitta P. brachyura) "Denne fogel finnes tecknad uti Museo Carlsoniano, Tom. 4 och Tab. 84 under namn af Turdus triostegus. ... Jag har ansett det kunna få namn af BRACHYURUS och sin plats ibland Passeres, näst efter Turdus. Character Generis blifver då Rostrum capite brevius, rectum. Mandibula superior conico-trigona apice incurvo, longior, intra apicem utrinque excisa; inferior brevior, recta. Cauda alis (non longior) æqualis, rotundata. ... Förutan BRACHYURUS triostegus ifrån Ön Ceilon, har Brasilien i sednare tider skänkt osstvenne andra arter ... BRACHYURUS gularis. B. supra olivaceus pileo rubro; temporibus atris; subtus fuscus gula crissoque albis. ... BRACHYURUS ruber. B. supra fuscus maculis dorsalibus testaceis; subtus ferrugineis." (Thunberg 1821); "Brachyurus Thunberg, 1821, Kongl. Vetenskaps Akad. Handling., II, p. 371. Type, bysubsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 26), Turdus triostegus Sparrman, 1789 = Corvus brachyurus Linnaeus, 1766." (Laurent Raty in litt.) (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachiurus.

(Alaudidae; syn.Corypha† Clapper Lark C. apiata) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ονυξ onux,ονυχος onukhos claw, nail; "BRACHONYX. ... Bill short, straight, compressed, the culmen slightly arched. Wings rather short, the first quill nearly spurious, the four following of equal length and longest. Tail moderate. Feet rather long; lateral scales of the tarsi divided; nail of the hind toe short and nearly straight. Type? L'Alouette Bateleuse. Levaill., Ois. pl. 194." (Swainson 1828); "Brachonyx Swainson, 1828, Zool. Journal, III (XI) (1827), p. 345. Type, by original designation, "L'Alouette Bateleuse. Levaill." = Alauda apiata Vieillot, 1816." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachyonyx, Braconyx.

(Apodidae;syn.?Apus) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πους pous,ποδος podos foot; "2. Sous-famille. PREHENSIPEDIA. Les Préhensipèdes. 4. doigts antérieurs, aucun postérieur. G. 6. Brachopus R." (Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 69).

Gr.βραχυς brakhus short, little;καρπος karpos wrist.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; κεντρον kentron spur.

(Galbulidae; syn. Brachygalba † White-throated Jacamar B. albogularis) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; κηξ kēx,κηκος kēkos unknown bird, perhaps the kingfisher; "Gen. BRACHYCEX *) Nob. —Zwerg-Glanzvogel. Brachygalba (!) Bp. 1854. Brachygalbula (!) Scl. 1862. 164.—1. B. lugubris Nob. Galbula lugubris Sws.*) Two Cent. & a Quart. p. 329. 145. ... *) Zu dieser Gattung, deren Namen wir anstatt des aus zwei Sprachen barbarisch zusammengesetzten Brachygalba (!) Bp. mit Beibehaltung des griechischen Vordertheiles in Brachycex von βραχυς (kurz, klein) und κἡξ ( = κἡυξ = καὑαξ) zu verändern vorschlagen, gehören ausser der typischen im Texte erwähnten noch folgende Arten: 2. B. melanosterna Nob. ... 3. B. albogularis Nob. ... 4. ?B. albiventris Nob." (Cabanis & Heine 1863); "Brachycex Cabanis and Heine, 1863, Museum Heineanum, IV (I), p. 214. New name for Brachygalba Bonaparte, 1854, and its emendation Brachygalbula P. Sclater, 1862, considered equally barbarous." (JAJ 2020).

(Ploceidae; Ϯ Bob-tailed Weaver B. anomala) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; κωπη kōpē shaft;"Herr Reichenow spricht sich im Sinne des Vorredners aus, legt verschiedene seltenere Vogelbälge vor und geht auf einen eigentümlichen Webervogel mit ganz verkürzter I. Handschwinge und sehr kurzem Schwanze ein. Seine bereits früher aufgestellte Ansicht, es hier mit einer neuen Gattung zu thun zu haben, ist durch die Übersendung von weiteren 3 Stücken von Hartert bestätigt worden. Brachycope anomala Rchw. nennt der Vortragende die vorliegende Form." (Reichenow 1900); "Brachycope Reichenow, 1900, Journ. f. Orn., 48, p. 249. Type, by monotypy, Brachycope anomala Reichenow." (Moreau in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 64). Recent work suggests that this genus should be merged into Euplectes.

(Certhiidae;?syn. Certhia Ϯ Brachydactyla temminckii) Gr. βραχυδακτυλος brakhudaktulos short-toed < βραχυς brakhus short; δακτυλος daktulos toe; "Brachydactyla Temminckii. Short-toe Temminck's" (J. Brooks 1828)

(Galbulidae; Ϯ White-throated Jacamar B. albogularis) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; Mod. L. galba contraction of genus Galbula Brisson, 1760, jacamar; "This little group has the general form ofGalbula, but the birds are of smaller size, the tail is shorter and square, and the outer pair of rectrices (abnormally short inGalbula) is altogether absent" (P. Sclater 1891); "27. BRACHYGALBA, Bp. — 108. albigularis, Spix. — 109. albiventer, Cuv. (lugubris, Caban. nec Sw. - inornata, Sclater. - chalcoptera, Reich.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Brachygalba Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 129. (Separately paged reprint, Consp. Vol. Zygod., p. 13.) Type, by subsequent designation, Galbula albigularis Spix. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 137.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 3).
Synon. Brachyceyx, Brachygalbula, Goibula.

(Galbulidae; syn. Brachygalba † White-throated Jacamar B. albogularis) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; genus Galbula Brisson, 1760, jacamar; “1610. BRACHYGALBA ALBIGULARIS. Galbula albigularis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 54 … Brachygalbula albigularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 262.” (P. Sclater 1862); “Brachygalbula P. Sclater, 1862, Cat. Collection American Birds, p. 267. Alternative name for Brachygalba Bonaparte, 1854. Sclater did not use Brachygalbula in 1857.” (JAJ 9/12/2024).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; λοφος lophos crest.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; λοφος lophos crest.
● (Picidae; quasi-syn. PicusϮ Crimson-winged Woodpecker P. puniceus) "30. BRACHYLOPHUS, Strickl.— 199. puniceus, Horsf. (miniatus? Eyton.)— 200. mentalis, Temm. (gularis, Temm.)— 201. miniatus, Forster. (malaccensis, Lath.)" (Bonaparte 1854); "Brachylophus "Strickland" Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 10. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 92), Picus puniceus Horsfield, 1821." (JAJ 2022).
●(Picidae;syn.PicusϮ Eurasian Green Woodpecker P. viridis) "Brachylophus, Sw.* Nostrils covered. Neck thick. Bill widened its whole length. Under mandible thickened at the base, with one or more more slightly elevated lines (representing the lateral ridge) close to the culmen, which is arched. Gonys very short. Hind head with a shortened, narrow, pointed crest. Versatile and anterior toes nearly equal. Tarsus shorter. The Old World only. Rasorial. B. viridis. Selby, pl. 38. canus. Edwards, 65. miniatus. Auct. occipitalis. Gould, Cent. pl. 47. squamatus. Ib. 48. dimidiatus. Pl. Col. 502. ... * Connected to Chrysoptilus by B. puniceus, and to Chrysonotus by B. hemipodius (Bengalensis Auct.), which completes the circle." (Swainson 1837); "Brachylophus Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 308. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 55), Gecinus viridis (L.), i.e. Picus viridis Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2022)(see Venilia).

Gr. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; -πτερος -pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ους ous, ωτος ōtos ear.
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761, 1785, and Latham 1781, and “Chouette” or “Grande Chevêche” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 438, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Asio flammeus).

(Strigidae; syn. Asio †Short-eared Owl A. flammeus galapagoensis) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ους ous, ωτος ōtos ear (cf. Gr. βραχυς brakhus little; genus Otus Pennant, 1769, owl; specific name Strix brachyotos Forster, 1772 (= syn. Asio flammeus)); "OTUS (Brachyotus) GALAPAGOENSIS. ... Obs. This species belongs to that section of the horned owls which comprehends the short-eared owl of England, and numerous other nearly allied forms which are distributed universally over the globe, from all of which it may be distinguished by its smaller size and darker colouring. I am led to regard the members of this section as possessing characters of sufficient value to justify their being separated into a distinct genus, for which I propose the name of Brachyotus." (Gould 1837); "Brachyotus Gould, 1837, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, V (xliv), p. 10. Type, by virtual monotypy, Otus galapagoensis Gould, 1837." (JAJ 2020).

(Bucconidae; syn. Chelidoptera † Swallow-wingPuffbird C. tenebrosa) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πετης petēs flyer, bird < πετομαι petomai to fly; "Brachypetes, Sw. (fig. 290.c) Bill as in Lypornix, but shorter, higher, and more curved; the margins greatly inflexed. Wings long. Tail short and even. Fissirostral. (fig.291.) B. tenebrosa. Braz. Birds, pl. 35" (Swainson 1837); "Brachypetes Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. ClassificationBirds, II, p. 334. Type, by monotypy, B. tenebrosa = Cuculus tenebrosus Pallas, 1782." (JAJ 2020).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; -φορος -phoros -carrying < φερω pherō to carry.

(Pycnonotidae; syn. MicrotarsusϮ Black-headed Bulbul M. melanocephalos) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ποδιον podionlittle foot < dim. πους pous, ποδος podos foot; "the species has a good deal the character of an Alcippe ... excepting in its very small tarsi and toes" (Blyth 1845);"there remains that of Lanius melanocephalus, Gm., and its congeners, for which I can find no appellation, and shall therefore designate Brachypodius. ... Brachypodius, nobis. 1. Br. entilotus [sic], (Jardine and Selby), Ill. Orn., 2nd series. (Non vidi.) Hab. Malacca. 2. Br. poiocephalus, (Jerdon). Southern India. 3. Br. melanocephalus, (Gmelin): Turdoides atriceps, Temminck. Malay countries, extending northwards to Arracan and Tipperah. 4. Br. cinereoventris, Nobis. ... Inhabits Tipperah. 5. Br. tristis, nobis. ... inhabits Penang. ... 6? Br.? criniger, A. Hay. ... Inhabits Malacca." (Blyth 1845); "Brachypodius Blyth, 1845, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 14, p. 576. Type, by original designation, Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin [1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 309 (not Lanius melanocephalos Gmelin 1788, Syst. Nat., 1, pt. 1, p. 301) = Turdus atriceps Temminck 1822]." (Deignan in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 227).
Var. Brachypodicus.

Genus Brachypus Swainson, 1824, bulbul; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs resembling (syn. Andropadus importunus).

(Corcoracidae; syn. Struthidea † Apostlebird S. cinerea) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πρωρα prōra prow (i.e. bill); "Gen. BRACHYPRORUS *) Struthidea. Struthidea (!) Gould 1836. Brachystoma Sws. 1837 nec Entomol. 1012. 1. B. cinereus Nob. —Struthidea cinerea Gould Proc. Zool. Soc. IV. 1836. p. 143. id.; Syn. B. Austr. I. tab. 9.— Brachystoma cinerea Sws. Nat. Hist. Birds II. p. 267; id. Two Cent. p. 297. No. 51.— Struthidea cinerea Gould B. Aust. IV. tab. 17. ... *) Von βραχυς, kurz, und πρωρα, Vordertheil, Schnabel." (Cabanis 1853); "Brachyprorus Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 217. New name for Struthidea Gould, 1836, i.e. 1837, considered meaningless and barbarous, and for Brachystoma Swainson, 1837, not of Meigen, 1822 (Diptera)." (JAJ 2020).

Gr. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; -πτερος -pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing.
● ex “Pavaneur” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 122 (syn. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus).
● ex “Bouvreuil de l’isle Bourbon” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 204, fig. 1 (syn. Sporophila bouvreuil).

(Brachypteraciidae; Ϯ Short-legged Ground-roller B. leptosomus) Gr. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; -πτερος
-pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing; genus Coracias Linnaeus, 1758, roller; the Short-legged Ground-roller was distinguished from the true rollers Coraciidae by its short wings, large eyes and head, and stout bill; "BRACHYPTEROLLE. BRACHYPTERACIAS. De Lafresnaye. ... D'après les caractères tout-à-fait importants que je viens de signaler, et qui sont communsà ces deux espèces, onpeut les regarder comme des Rolliersà ailes courtes età longs-tarses, et en cela même si distincts des Rolliers proprement ditset des Rolles, qu'il m'a paru convenable d'en faire une sous-division ou sous-genre, que je propose de désigner par le nom de Brachypterolle, Brachypteracias (Coracias brachypterus) ... Ailes beaucoup plus courtes que chez les Rolles et les Rolliers, n'atteignant que le tiers ou le quart de la longueur de la queue (chez les Rolliers elles en atteignent presque les deux tiers, et chez les Rolles presque l'extrémité), très arrondies ... B. COUROL. B. leptosomus. Nob., Pl. 31. (Le Rolle courol, Colaris leptosomus. Less., Illust. de Zool., pl. 20.) ... B.BRÈVE. B. pittoides. Nob. Pl. 32." (de La Fresnaye 1834); "Brachypteracias Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 4, 1834, cl. 2, text to pl. 31 and 32. Type, by subsequent designation, B. leptosomus (Lesson). (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 9.)" (Peters, 1945, V, p. 240).
Synon. Chloropygia.

Overview and generic check-list.

Ground-roller:

GEOBIASTES Sharpe, 1871. Gr. “earth-mighty.”
BRACHYPTERACIAS de La Fresnaye, 1834. Mod. L. “short-winged roller.”
●● Chloropygia Swainson, 1837. Gr. “green-rumped.”
URATELORNIS Rothschild, 1895. Mod. L. “long-tailed ground-roller.”
ATELORNIS Pucheran, 1846. Gr. “incomplete bird.”
●● Corapitta Bonaparte, 1854. Portmanteau ofCoracias + Pitta.
●● Coracopitta Sharpe, 1892 (not P. Sclater, 1888). Portmanteau ofCoracias + Pitta.

(Picidae;syn. Dinopium Ϯ Black-rumped Woodpecker D. benghalense) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πτερνη pternē heel; "After the Green Woodpeckers have been distinguished as Gecinus, Boié, Swainson's genus Brachylophus still includes two well-marked groups: first the Short-thumbed Woodpeckers closely allied to Tiga, containing 1. P. aurantius, Lin. (P. bengalensis, Gm.); 2. P. goensis, Gm.; 3. P. philippinarum, Lath.; 4. P. hæmatribon, Wagl., and 5. P. erythronotus, Vieill. To this group I would propose the name BRACHYPTERNUS." (Strickland 1841 (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.)); "BRACHYPTERNUS*, n. g. < Picus, Linn., < Brachylophus, Sw. Diff. Char. —Hind toe and claw very short, almost obsolete. ... Species: 1. B. aurantius (Linn.), (P. bengalensis, Gm.; P. nuchalis, Wagl.; B. hemipodius, Sw.) ... * Bραχυς, short; πτερνα, a heel." (Strickland 1841 (Proc. Zool. Soc. London)); "Brachypternus Strickland, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7, 1841, p. 35. Type, by subsequent designation, B. aurantius (L). Strickl. = Picus benghalensis Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1841, p. 71)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 143).
Var. Brachypternis, Brachysternus.

(Picidae; syn. Dinopium † Black-rumped Woodpecker D. benghalense puncticolle) Genus Brachypternus Strickland, 1841, woodpecker; L. picus woodpecker; "2. P. (Brachypternopicus) RUBROPYGIALIS. ... Ce Pic a quelque rapport avec le Tiga, mais il est plus petit. J'ai vu un sujet femelle de cette espèce, que je crois nouvelle, dans le Muséum Britannique, il provenait du Bengale. ... 7. P. (Brachypternopicus) CHRYSONOTUS, Lesson. ... Picus chrysonotus, Lesson ornith., p. 220; et compl. à Buffon, vol. 9, p. 304. La jeune femelle. — Brachypternopicus puncticollis. L'adult Malherbe. — Brachypternus (Strickland; G. R. Gray). Brachylophus Swains. Ce pic, longtemps confondu avec le Bengalensis auquel il ressemble beaucoup dans le jeune âge, est assez répandu au Bengale et probablement dans toute de l'Inde." (Malherbe 1845); "Brachypternopicus Malherbe, 1845, Revue Zoologique, VIII année, p. 400. Type, by subsequent designation (Hargitt, 1890, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, p. 403), B. puncticollis = Brachypternopicus puncticollis Malherbe, 1845." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachyternopicus.

Gr. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; -πτερος -pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing.
● ex “Pavaneur” of Levaillant 1802 (syn. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus).
● ex “Short-winged Thrush” of Latham 1801 (Dasyornis).
● ex “Loggerhead Goose” of Latham 1785 (Tachyeres).

(Falconidae;syn. Micrastur Ϯ Collared Forest Falcon M. semitorquatus) Specific name Falco brachypterus Temminck, 1822 (= syn. Micrastur semitorquatus); "LES BRACHYPTÈRES (¹) Forment une petite tribu qui s'éloigne des éperviers ordinaires par quelques traits de physionomie ... leurs ailes sont courtes ou dépassent à peine le croupion ... Le type de cette tribu est l'autour brachyptère de M. Temminck ... (¹) Brachypterus, Less." (Lesson 1838); "Brachypterus (not of Latreille, 1819, nor of Kugelann, 1794) Lesson, Compl. Buffon, 7, p. 113, 1836—type, by tautonymy, Falco brachypterus Temminck = Sparvius semitorquatus Vieillot." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p.242) (see Climacocercus).
Var. Brachypteryx.

(Locustellidae; Ϯ Little Rush Warbler B. baboecala) Gr. βραδυς bradus slow, sluggish; -πτερος -pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing; "BRADYPTETUS, Sw. General size and habit of Curuca. The bill distinctly notched. Wings short; the three first quills equally graduated. Tail rounded; the feathers remarkably broad and soft. Feet large, strong, and robust; the lateral toes equal. Claws slender, slightly curved. Africa. B. platyurus. Ois. d'Af. pl. 122. ... [Index] Bradypterus, Sw." (Swainson 1837); "Bradyptetus [sic] Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Class. Birds, 2, p. 241, Bradypterus in index, p. 379. Type, by monotypy, Bradyptetus platyurus Swainson = Sylvia baboaecala Vieillot." (Traylorin Peters, 1986, XI, p. 17).
Var. Bradyptetus (original spelling), ?Bradyptetes.
Synon. Amphilais,Androphilus, Caffrillas, Dromaeocercus, Dromocercus, Dumeticola, Pseudotharrhaleus, Sathrocercus, Stasiasticus, Sylvaticus, Tribura.
● (Muscicapidae; syn.Luscinia† White-bellied Redstart L. phaenicuroides). "Bradypterus phænicuroides, [drawing no.] 817." (Hodgson 1844); "Bradypterus Hodgson, 1844, in Gray's Zool. Miscellany, p. 83 (nom. nud.) (not of Swainson, 1837). Type, by monotypy, Bradypterus phaenicuroides "Hodgs." Gray, 1847." (JAJ 2021) (see Bradybates and Hemiptilon).
Var. Brachypterus.

(Muscicapidae; Ϯ JavanShortwing B. montana) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πτερυξ pterux,πτερυγοςpterugos wing (cf. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; πτερον pteron wing); "Gen. 22. BRACHYPTERYX. Rostrum mediocre, subcultratum, basi latius, ultra medium subconicum, attenuatum. Culmen inter nares carinatum, deinde rotundatum, apicem versus arcuatum, emarginatum. Mandibula lateribus marginatis, apice inclinata; tomiis maxillæ mandibulæque subinflexis. Nares maximæ, in fovea subrotunda basali elongata obtusa sitæ; supra et postice membrana clausæ.Alæ brevissimæ: remiges integræ, 1 subspuria, 2—5 gradatim increscentes, 5—10 subæquales longiores, reliquæ gradatim breviores. Cauda rotundata. Pedes elongati. Digitus medius longissimus. Ungues compressissimi, hallucis medio duplo majore, fortius arcuato. The characters which distinguish this genus from Motacilla are the robustness of the bill, the arch or curvature of the culmen or back, the margin and inclination of the lower mandibule, and the size and protrusion of the nares. It possesses likewise peculiarities in the shortness of the wings and the elevation of the tarsi. Spec. 1. Brachypteryx montana. ... Ketek Javanis. ... Spec. 2. Brachypteryx sepiaria. ... Chichohan Javanis." (Horsfield 1821); "Brachypteryx Horsfield, 1822, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, p. 157. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 41), Brachypteryx montana Horsfield." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 14).
Var. Brachypterix, Brachypterux.
Synon. Goldana.
● (Rallidae;syn. GallirallusϮ Weka G. australis) "The third skull, with a beak like that of the Porphyrio and Brachypteryx was referred to the same family—'Rallidæ'—to which those genera belong. ... In these characters the Brachypteryx or Short-winged Rail of New Zealand moreresembles Notornis." (Owen 1848 (April 13)); "Amongst the rarer and more instructive parts of this collection are some portions of a sternum of a small species of Dinornis or Palapteryx, and two nearly entire sternums of the new genus Notornis, which belongs to the same family (Rallidæ) as the rare Brachypteryx or short-winged Rail of New Zealand." (Owen 1848 (April 22));"Genus Brachypteryx. 1280. The skeleton of the Short-winged Rail of New Zealand (Brachypteryx Australis)." (Owen 1853) (Laurent Raty in litt.)"Brachypteryx Owen, 1853, Descr. Cat. Ost. Ser. Mus. Roy. Coll. Surgeons, I, p. 237 (not of Horsfield, 1822). Type, by monotypy, Brachypteryx australis, i.e. Rallus australis Sparrman, 1786." (JAJ 2021).

(Rallidae; syn. Tribonyx † Tasmanian Native-Hen T. mortierii) Gr. βραχυπτερος brakhupteros short-winged < βραχυς brakhus short; -πτερος -pteros -winged < πτερον pteron wing; genus Rallus Linnaeus, 1758, rail; "Genus Rallus. Sub-genus Brachyptrallus, de La Fr. ... ailes sur-obtuses à rémiges extrêmement courtes et ne s'étendant pas au-dela du croupion, les 2e, 3e, 4e, 5c et 6e premières rémiges à peu près de même longueur et ne dépassant guère les tertiaires à leur extrémité ... Ce genre, très-voisin des genres Gallinula et Rallus, diffère du premier par un bec plus court et beaucoup plus élevé, par la grande briéveté des ailes ... Brachyptrallus ralloïdes, de La Fr." (de La Fresnaye 1840); "Brachyptrallus, La Fresnaye, Revue Zool., Aug. 1849, p. 231, Sept. Type (by monotypy): B. ralloides Lafresn. [= Tribonyx mortierii Dubus de Ghisignies]" (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, p. 97).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πους pous,ποδος podos foot.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; πους pous,ποδος podos foot.
●(Apodidae; syn. Apus† Common Swift A. apus) "Verbesserungen zu dem Taschenbuch der teutschen Vögelkunde: Theil I. S. 280. streiche das Wort Micropus aus und sezze dafür: Brachypus" (B. Meyer 1814 (Ann. Wetterau. Gesell. gesammte Naturk., III (II), 333)); "XXX. GATTUNG. Häkler. Brachypus ... 1. Mauerhäkler. Brachypus murarius, mihi." (B. Meyer 1815); "Brachypus Meyer, Vögel Liv. u. Esthl. p. 142, (pref. June 14th) 1815. Type (by monotypy): B. murarius = Hirundo apus Linné." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral, I, p. 405).
●(Pycnonotidae; syn. Microtarsus† Black-headed Bulbul B. melanocephalos) "BRACHYPUS. ... Types. Le Curouge. Levaill. Ois. d'Af. pl. 107. f. 1. Turdus Atriceps. Pl. Col. 147. It is only from the unusual shortness of the feet, indicative of these birds feeding on the wing, that I here associate them among the aberrant forms of the sub-family Dicrurina. ... [Index] Turdus atriceps, type of the genusBrachypus." (Swainson 1827); "Brachypus Swainson, 1827, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 163. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Turdus atriceps Temminck. (Idem, 1827, ibid., p. 625.) Not Brachypus Swainson, 1824, nor Brachypus B. Meyer, 1814." (Deignan in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 223).
●(Pycnonotidae; syn Pycnonotus† Red-vented Bulbul P. cafer) "We are thus prepared for the transition, which here takes place, into the genus Brachypus, * a name by which I propose to distinguish the short-legged Thrushes of Linnæus and of modern writers. ... Their tarsi are remarkably short, like the last two genera [Dicrurus, Edolius]; but their bills are weaker, and the nuchal bristles scarcely perceptible. ... * Le Curouge, Vail. pl. 107. f. 1.; Le Cudor, Ib. f. 2.; Le Brunoir, Ib. pl. 106. f. 1. &c. &c." (Swainson 1824); "Brachypus Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journal, I, p. 305 (not of B. Meyer, 1814). Type, by subsequent designation (Deignan in Peters, 1960, Check-list Birds World, IX, p. 223), "Le Curouge" Levaillant = Turdus cafer Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2023).
●(Pycnonotidae; quasi-syn. Pycnonotus† Ruby-throated Bulbul P. dispar) "BRACHYPUS, SWAINS. ...Feet small, weak; lateral toes equal. Hinder toe as long as the tarsus. Type. —Brachypus dispar, SW. (Turdus dispar, HORSF.)" (Swainson 1832); "BrachypusSwainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer. Birds (1831), p. 485. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Turdus dispar Horsfield. Not Brachypus Swainson, 1827, Brachypus Swainson, 1824, nor Brachypus B. Meyer, 1814." (DeignaninPeters, 1960,IX, p. 223).

(Alcidae; Ϯ Marbled Murrelet B. marmoratus) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥαμφος rhamphos bill; "3. Gen. Brachyramphus. Nob. Rostrum capite multo brevius, apice adunco, lateribus fortius compresso. Narium dimidia pars pennulis tecta. Pedes debiliores. a. Subgen. Apobapton Nob. Rostrum minus elevatum, angustius. Spec. 1. Brachyramphus marmoratus Nob. —Uria marmorata Lath.; Cepphus perdix Pall. Zoogr. T. II. p. 351. Spec. 2. Brachyramphus Wrangelii Nob. ... Patria Aleuticae Insulae. Spec. 3. Brachyramphus brachypterus Nob. ... Patria Unalaschka. Spec. 4. Brachyramphus Kittlitzii Nob. ... Patria Kamtschatka." (Brandt 1837); "Brachyramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersb., 2, 1837, col. 346. Type, by subsequent designation, B. marmoratus (Lath.) = Colymbus marmoratus Gmelin. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 77.)" (Peters, 1934, II, p. 355).
Synon. Apobapton.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥαμφος rhamphos bill.
● (Thraupidae; syn. Cissopis † Magpie Tanager C. leverianus) "Brachyrhamphus elegans, M. et W. Bertoni (gen. nov.) - guayaná: Akâ-ê morotî-mitshî (Etim.: jenér. del gr. brachys, corto y rhamphos, pico; guar. de Aka-ê, nombr. jenér., morotî, muy blanco y mitshî, pequeño, en este caso significa menor. Es de observar, que Aka-ê es nombre que dan también á las demás especies de la familia (Corvidæ), probando esto una vez más, el carácter observador de los guaraní.)" (W. Bertoni 1901); "Brachyrhamphus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 46, Jan., 1901—type, by orig. desig., Brachyrhamphus elegans Bertoni = Cissopis major Cabanis." (Hellmayr, 1936, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IX, p. 438).
● (Alcidae; syn. Synthliboramphus † Ancient Murrelet S. antiquus) “Genera et Species typicae. ... 1. *Brachyrhamphus BRANDT. antiquus (Alca — a L. Gm..) Br. Tab. II. Caput, apex rostri, culmen, ala, cauda, pes. — Ic. Av. t. 6. ic. 2708—14 . t. 9. ic. 2230—32.” (Reichenbach 1853); “Brachyrhamphus “Brandt” Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturae, p. III. Not Brachyramphus Brandt, 1837. Type, by original deisgnation, Alca antiqua Gmelin, 1789.” (JAJ 2023).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Aegithalidae; syn. Aegithalos † Long-tailed Tit A. caudatus) Gr. βραχυς brakhusshort; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "BRACHYRYNCHUS CAUDATUS, Brachyrynque à longue queue (Parus caudatus des auteurs ou mésange à longue queue). —Commun dans les bois, vit en troupe, sédentaire. ... J'ai séparé cette espèce, et la suivante du genre parus ou mésange, parce que la forme de leur bec, de leur queue, et surtout leurs mœurs, sont très-différentes. Les brachyrynques ont le bec convexe, presque crochu, tandis que les mésanges l'ont toujours droit ou légèrement incliné. Les brachyrynques construisent artistement leur nid en forme de boule; les mésanges nichent sansaucun apprêt dans des trous d'arbres. BRACHYRYNCHUS BIARMICUS, Brachyrynque moustache (Parus biarmicus auct., ou mésange moustache). — Habite en été les marais des Ardennes" (de Selys-Longchamps 1831) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Brachyrynchus de Selys-Longchamps in Vander Maelen, 1831, Dictionnaire Géographique de la Province de Liége, Appendice, Ornithologie, p. 36. Type, by virtual monotypy, Parus caudatus auct." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Brachyrhynchus.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Passerellidae; syn. Zonotrichia † Rufous-collared Sparrow Z. capensis) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; σπιζα spiza finch < σπιζω spizō to chirp; "Genus Brachyspiza. (Type, Fringilla capensis Müller.) Related to Melospiza Baird, but tail shorter, tarsi longer and stouter, and style of coloration very different." (Ridgway 1898); "Brachyspiza Ridgway, Auk, 15, p. 224, July, 1898—type, by orig. desig., Fringilla capensis P. L. S. Müller." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 565).

(Corcoracidae; syn. Struthidea † Apostlebird S. cinerea) Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; στομα stoma,στοματος stomatos mouth (cf. βραχυστομος brakhustomos with narrow mouth); "BRACHYSTOMA, Sw. Bill very short, entire, resembling Glaucopis: the culmen elevated, convex, and considerably dividing the frontal feathers: commissure curved, and somewhat angulated in the middle: under mandible slightly ascending. ... B. cinerea. Part 5. No. 51." (Swainson 1837); "Brachystoma Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 266 (not of Meigen, 1822 (Diptera)). Type, by monotypy, B. cinerea Swainson, i.e. Struthidea cinerea Gould, 1837." (JAJ 2022)(see Brachyprorus).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; Mod. L. tarsus shank, leg < Gr. ταρσος tarsos flat of the foot.

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; -ουρος -ouros -tailed < ουρα oura tail.
● ex “Olivert” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 125 (Camaroptera).
● ex “Petit Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 831, fig. 2, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (Myrmotherula).
● ex “Pica indica vulgaris” of Ray 1713, “Pica bengalensis” of Albin 1731-1738, “Pica cauda brevi. Short-tail’d Pye” of Edwards 1751, and “Turdus viridis moluccensis” of Brisson 1760 (Pitta).

Gr. βραχυς brakhus short; -ουρος -ouros -tailed < ουρα oura tail.

John Cranch (1785-1816) British naturalist, explorer in tropical Africa 1816 (syn. Hirundo filifera, Pternistis).

Carl Friedrich Bruch (1789-1857) German zoologist (syn. Anser albifrons (ex Anser medius Bruch MS), syn. Cercotrichas galactotes syriaca, syn. Larus delawarensis).

Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737-1827) Danish zoologist, mineralologist (syn. Alca torda, syn. Uria lomvia) (see brunnichii).

Mod. L. brunneus brown < Med. L. brunius brown; Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

Mod. L. brunneus brown < Med. L. brunius brown; Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737-1827) Danish zoologist, mineralologist (syn. Rissa tridactyla) (see bruennichi).

● Buchanan I., Northern Territory, Australia (named after William Buchanan (1824-1911) Australian pastoralist) (syn. Egretta sacra, syn. Rhipidura phasiana).
● Dr Francis Buchanan later known as Francis Hamilton, Francis Hamilton Buchanan or Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762-1829) Scottish surgeon in the East India Company 1794-1815, geographer, zoologist, botanist, explorer, collector in Nepal and India (Emberiza, syn. Emberiza stewarti,Prinia).
● Capt. Angus Buchanan (1886-1954) Scottish explorer, naturalist, collector in the Sahara 1919-1922 (subsp. Argya fulva,Crithagra, subsp. Gymnoris dentata, subsp. Lybius vieilloti, syn. Myrmecocichla aethiops, subsp. Ptyonoprogne obsoleta).
● Buchanan Inlet, Melville I., Northern Territory, Australia (syn. Pachycephala lanioides fretorum).

(Fringillidae; † Trumpeter Finch B. githagineus) Gr. βυκανητης bukanētēs trumpeter < βυκανη bukanē trumpet, war horn; "Gen. BUCANETES nov. gen. ***) Trompetengimpel. 822. 1. B. githagineus Nob. —Fringilla githaginea Licht. Doubl. p. 24. No. 242. —Pyrrhula githaginea Temm. Pl. col. 400. fig. 1. 2. —Pyrrhula Payraudaei Audouin Descript. de l'Egypte Zool. I. pag. 286. tab. 5. fig. 8. —Erythrospiza githaginea Bonap. Osserv. Règne anim. de Cuv. pag. 80. No. 3.— id. Bonap. Jconogr. Faun. ital. I. tab. 35. fig. 3.— id. Bonap. List. pag. 34. No. 228.— Pyrrhula githaginea Bl. Keysl. Wirbelth. Eur. Vög. N. 111 Carpodacus Payraudaei Gray Gen. Birds No. 6.— id. Cab. in Ersch u. Gruber Encycl. l. c. p. 218. N. 5. Erythrospiza githaginea Bonap. Schleg. Mon. Lox. p. 29. tab. 33.— Gould Birds Eur. tab. 208. ... ***) Von βυκανητης,ου,ὁ, der Trompeter. Von Carpodacus schon genügend durch die längeren spitzeren Flügel und den kürzeren Schwanz verscheiden, ebenso durch weniger breiten Schnabel, festeres Gefieder und Färbung. Hierher: B. obsoletus. —Fringilla obsoleta Lichtin Eversm. Reise App. p. 132." (Cabanis 1853); "Bucanetes Cabanis, 1851, Mus. Heineanum, 1, p. 164. Type, by subsequent designation, G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds, p. 81. Pyrrhula payraudæi Audouin, 1825 = Fringilla githaginea M. H. K. Lichtenstein, 1823. Cabanis originally included two species, therefore type 'by monotypy' as cited by Howell et al. (1968: 263) is incorrect." (Kirwan and Gregory, 2005, Bull. BritishOrnith. Club, 125 (1), p. 77).
Var. Bucanestes, Buchanetes, Bycanetes.
Synon. Eremopsaltria, Erythrospiza.

(Dicruridae; syn. Dicrurus † White-bellied Drongo D. caerulescens) Hindi names Bhuchanjā and Bhujangā for the Black Drongo D. macrocercus; “9. Buchanga, Hodgs., ou plutôt Bp. ex H., car nous appliquons un peu arbitrairement ce nom au groupe d’oiseaux bleuâtres à ventre blanc de l’Asie et de la Malaisie, qui termine la série des vrais Édoliens qu’on pourrait appeler Édoliés et dont nous connaissons cinq ou six espèces (cærulescens, L., — mystaceus, Vieill., — cineraceus, Horsf., — leucophæus, Vieill., — leucopygialis, Blyth, — viridescens? Gould).” (Bonaparte 1854); “Buchanga “Hodgs.” Bonaparte, 1854, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, XXXVIII, p. 540. Not Bhuchanga Hodgson, 1836. Type here fixed by subsequent designation, Lanius caerulescens Linnaeus, 1758.” (JAJ 18/4/2023).

Bokhara or Bukhara /Buxoro or Bukhoro, Uzbekistan.

Walther Buchen (1886-1961) US businessman, collector in East Africa, Trustee of Chicago Natural History Mus., and his wife MargaretL. Buchen née Head (1890-1971) (subsp. Cinnyris souimanga).

Gr. βουλομαχος boulomakhos pugnacious, belligerent < βουλομαι boulomai to want; μαχη makhē battle.
● "But if the finger were thrust through the bars he would fly at it with great fury, pecking and biting very hard, and charging again and again at it, each time with redoubled onslaught. He was always ready for a fight, and seemed by his manner to challenge it. ... He was altogether the most pugnacious littlebird I have ever seen ... I should like to introduce the species as SUTHORA BULOMACHUS*, sp. nov. ... *βουλομαχος, qui cupit pugnare." (Swinhoe 1866) (subsp. Suthora webbiana).

Prof. Dr Ivan Yosipov Buresch (1885-1980) Bulgarian zoologist, Director of Royal Mus. of Natural History/Institute of Zoology, Sofiya 1914-1959 (subsp. Lophophanes cristatus).

(Ramphastidae; syn. Ramphastos † Keel-billed Toucan R. sulfuratus) Gr. βου- bou- huge < βους bous bull; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "It is more fully described and figured by Conrad Gesner in 1560 (Icones Avium Omnium, p. 130), and the present generic name first occurs on the same page: "Burhynchus aut Ramphestes appellari poterit." ... 2. Burhynchus. 3. RAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Swainson. ... 4. RAMPHASTOS APPROXIMANS, Cabanis. ... 5. RAMPHASTOS BREVICARINATUS, Gould. ... 6. RAMPHASTOS TOCARD, Vieillot. ... 7. RAMPHASTOS AMBIGUUS, Swainson. ... 8. RAMPHASTOS ABBREVIATUS, Cabanis." (Cassin 1867); "Burhynchus Cassin, 1867, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, XIX, p. 102. Type, by subsequent designation (P. Sclater, 1891, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus, XIX, p. 124), R. carinatus = Ramphastos carinatus Gould, 1834 = Ramphastos sulfuratus Lesson, 1830." (JAJ 2020).

Cachabí /Cachaví, Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

(Falconidae; syn. Herpetotheres † Laughing Falcon H. cachinnans) Specific name Falco cachinnans Linnaeus, 1758; "47. CACHINNA. Tarsi reticulated. F. cachinnans" (Fleming 1822); "Cachinna Fleming, Phil. Zool., 2, p. 236, 1822—type, bymonotypy, Falco cachinnans Linnaeus." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1949, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (4), p. 237).

L. cachinnans, cachinnantis laughing < cachinnare to laugh aloud.
● "41. FALCO. ... cachinnans. 17. F. cera pedibus luteis, palpebris albis, corpore fusco albidoque vario, annulo nigro verticem album cingente. Rolander. Habitat in America meridionali. Corpus supra Dorsum, Alas, uropygium fuscum; sed Alba sunt collum, gula, pectus, abdomen, alæ subtus. Cauda fasciisluteis nigrisque.Hominem observans cachinnos edit."(Linnaeus 1758)(Herpetotheres).

(Pellorneidae; Ϯ White-hooded Babbler G. rufulus) Gr. γαμψος gampsos curved, hooked; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Gampsorhynchus, Nobis, n.g.Allied to the long-tailed Malacocerci, and also to Sphenura, but the bill intermediate in form to those of Turdus and Lanius, and the gape conspicuously armed with straight vibrissæ:it is nearly equal to the head, moderately compressed, the ridge of the upper mandible obtusely angulated, and its outline curving towards the tip, which is strongly emarginated, and forms a distinct hook, overhanging the extremity of the lower mandible; nostrils oval, pierced in the fore-part of the nasal membrane; wings and tail graduated, the first primary two-fifths the length of the fifth, which is equal to the sixth and seventh and longest: feet formed for perching, the tarse rather longer than the middle toe with its claw, and the claws but moderately curved: tail elongated. G. rufulus, Nobis. ... Received from Darjeeling." (Blyth 1844); "Gampsorhynchus Blyth, 1844, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13, p. 370. Type, by monotypy, Gampsorhynchus rufulus Blyth." (Deignan in Peters, 1964, X, p. 389).
Var. Caesmarhynchos,Gamsorhynchus.
Synon. Mesogenea.

Gr. γαμψος gampsos curved, hooked; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill (the prefix caesm- is untenable here) (syn. Chloropsis jerdoni).

(Glareolidae; syn. Glareola † Little Pratincole G. lactea) Gr. γαλα gala,γαλακτος galaktos milk; χρυσειος khruseios golden < χρυσος khrusos gold; "*1966. Stiltia, Bp. — 1967. Glareola, L. — *1968. Galachrysia, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854 (nom. nud.)); "1845. GALACHRYSIA, Pr. B. 1854. (Glareola lactea, Temm.)" (G. Gray 1855); "47. Galachrysia, Bp. 121. lactea, Temm. (orientalis, Jerd. nec Leach.) 122. cinerea, Fraser" (Bonaparte 1856); "Galachrysia G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds. p. 111, 1855 (ex Bonaparte, Ann. Sci. Nat (4) i., p. 148, 1854). Type by original designation, Glareola lactea Temm." (W. Sclater, 1924, Syst. Av. Aethiop., I, p. 140). It has recently been suggested that this polytypic genus be recognised and reinstated.
Var. Calachrysia.

(Acrocephalidae; syn. Acrocephalus † MadagascarSwamp Warbler A. newtoni) Gr. καλαμος kalamos reed, cane; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; "d'. Wing and tail about equal in length. . . . .17. CALAMOCICHLA, p. 131. ... 17.CALAMOCICHLA. Calamoherpe, pt., auctorum recentium. Range. Confined to Madagascar and the Cape-Verd Islands. ... 1. Calamocichla newtoni. ... 2. Calamocichla brevipennis. ... As far as I can find out, this species has never been described." (Sharpe 1883); "Calamocichla Sharpe, Cat. Bds Brit. Mus., vii, p. 131, 1883. Type by subsequent designation (Shelley, Bds. Afr. i, p. 79, 1896), Calamoherpe newtoni Hartl." (W. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., II, p. 513); “Calamocichla Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds British Mus., VII, pp. 94, 131. Type, by subsequent designation (P. Sclater and Saunders, 1883, Ibis, ser. 5, 1, p. 573), Calamoherpe newtoni Hartl., i.e. Calamoherpe newtoni Hartlaub, 1863.” (JAJ 2024) (see Calamornis).

Gr. καλος kalos beautiful; αυχην aukhēn,αυχενος aukhenos neck, throat.

Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; -κεφαλος -kephalos -headed < κεφαλη kephalē head.

(Hirundinidae; syn. Tachycineta† Bahama Swallow T. cyaneoviridis) Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; χελιδων khelidōn, χελιδονοςkhelidonos swallow; "[Synopsis] Tarsus long; equal to middle toe and half claw; entirely bare. Tail considerably forked, about equal to closed wing. Color green above; white beneath . Callichelodon. ... CALLICHELIDON, Bryant.Callichelidon, BRYANT, MSS. (Type H. cyaneoviridis, BRYANT.) Nostrils lateral; overhung by membrane. Tarsi lengthened; equal to middle toe and more than half the claw; entirely bare of feathers. Basal joint of middle toe entirely adherent externally, for more than half internally. Lateral toes equal, or outer a little the longer. Tail deeply forked; the feathers somewhat attenuated; as long as the wings. Above green, beneath white. The type of this new subgenus, perhaps entitled to rank as a full genus, has the same soft velvety condition of the dorsal plumage, without metallic lustre, as in thalassina. ... Upper parts soft velvety green, with a slight occasional gleam of golden, passing on the wings into greenish-blue, and on the rump and upper tail coverts into greenish-blue and violet. Beneath pure white" (Baird 1865); "Callichelidon (Bryant MS.) Baird, Rev. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 303, May, 1865—type, by orig. desig., Hirundo cyaneoviridis Bryant." (Hellmayr, 1935, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VIII, p. 80).
Var. Calichelidon,Callichelodon.

(Cuculidae; ϮWhite-crowned Cuckoo /White-crowned KoelC. leucolophus) Gr. καλια kalia nest; εχθρος ekhthros enemy < εχθω ekhthō to hate; atypical epithet for the parasitic cuckoos, althoughthe White-crowned Cuckoo is only presumed to be so; "Als sowohl mit den Habichts- wie mit den ächten Kuckuken nahe verwandt wird am besten gleich hier zu erwähnen sein der Cuculus leucolophus Müll., den Blyth mit Recht wegen der grössern Breite und Depression seines fast ein wenig an Chasmorhynchus erinnernden, im Allgemeinen jedoch besonders unterwärts flachern Schnabels mit Recht zum Typus einer eigenen Gattung unter dem leider bereits vergebenen Namen Simotes erhob, an dessen Stelle wir zu adoptiren vorschlagen die ausκαλια (Nest) undεχθρος (Feind) gebildete Benennung: Gen. CALIECHTHRUS Nob. —Scheitelkuckuk. Simotes Blyth 1846 (nec Fisch. 1829). 1. C. leucolophus Nob. Cuculus leucolophus Müll. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. Overz. Bez. Land- & Volkenk. p. 22. not. 1 & p. 233. not. 2. sp. 3.—Gray Cat. Mamm. & B. New-Guin. p. 44.—Simotes albivertex Blyth Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1846. p. 19. 2." (Cabanis & Heine 1862); "Caliechthrus Cabanis and Heine, 1862, Museum Heineanum, IV (1), p. 31. New name for Simotes Blyth, 1846,not of Fischer, 1829 (Mammalia)." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Calliechthrus.

Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; αυχην aukhēn, αυχενοςaukhenos neck, throat.

(Anatidae; syn. Netta † Red-crested Pochard N. rufina) Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; khēn,χηνος khēnos goose; "Kolbenente. Callichen *), Br. ... *) Von καλος, schön und χην, Gans, Ente. ... Die rothköpfige Kolbenente. Callichen ruficeps, Br. (Platypus rufinus, Br., Anas rufina, Pall. N.W. 1. Ausg. Taf. 32, 63. 64.)" (C. Brehm 1830); "Callichen Brehm, Isis, 1830, col. 999—type, by monotypy, Callichen ruficeps "Brehm" = Anas rufina Pallas." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 365).

Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Thraupidae; syn. Sporophila † Parrot-billed Seedeater S. peruviana) Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "M. Lesson rapporte un genre nouveau de la tribu des pyrrhulinées, qu'il désigne par le nom de CALLYRHYNCHUS: —bec gros, très-haut, convexe, recourbé, très-comprimé sur les côtés ... Une espèce, le callyrhynchus peruvianus ... Se rencontre à Callao dans le Pérou" (Lesson 1842 (Echo du Monde Savant)); "Genre nouveau. —CALLYRHYNCHUS, Lesson (Pyrrhulinées). Bec gros, très-haut, convexe, recourbé, très-comprimé sur les côtés; mandibule supérieure fortement recourbée,étroite, pointue,à bord taillé en demi-cercle; arête du bec convexe, entourant les plumes du front, bordée de chaque côté d'un sillon d'où la lame cornée latérale s'élève pour se renfler; narines rondes, nues, percées sur le rebord des plumes frontales, couvertes de quelques soies. Mandibule inférieure très-comprimée sur les côtés, renflée au milieu et en dessous, taillée en demi-segment et aiguëà la pointe. ...Callyrhynchus peruvianus, Lesson." (Lesson 1842 (Revue de Zoologie)); "Callyrhynchus (not Callorynchus Gronovius, 1763) Lesson, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 209, "July," 1842—type, by monotypy, Callyrhynchus peruvianus Lesson; idem, Echo du Monde Savant, 9e année, 2nd sém., No. 11, col. 253, August 11, 1842. 3 ... 3 It is quite probable that the account in the "Echo du Monde Savant" has priority, since the July issue of the "Revue de Zoologie," containing, as it does, the minutes of the meeting of the Academy of Sciences held on July 25, must have been published considerably later than indicated by its ostensible date." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, 169); "Callyrhynchus Lesson, 1842, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 5, p. 209. Type, by monotypy, Callyrhynchus peruvianus Lesson." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 133) (see Neorhynchus).
Var. Callirhynchus.

Gr. καλλος kallos beauty < καλοςkalos beautiful; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Thraupidae; Ϯ Vermilion Tanager C. coccineus) Gr. καλος kalos beautiful; χαιτη khaitē hair (cf.genus Euchaetes P. Sclater, 1858, tanager); "The generic term "Euchætes," adopted by me for a Tanager (Euchætes coccineus), P. Z. S. 1858, p.73, from J. Verreaux's MS, has, I find, been previously used in entomology by Dejean (Cat. Coléopt. ed. 2, 1834) and by Harris (Cat. Insects Massachusetts, 1841). I therefore proposeto change it to Calochætes. There is only one known species of this genus, C. coccineus, from Ecuador" (P. Sclater 1879); "Calochaetes P. Sclater, 1879, Ibis, (4), 3, p. 388. New name for Euchaetes P. Sclater, 1858, not of Dejean, 1835 (Coleoptera), nor of Harris, 1841 (Lepidoptera)." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Callochaetes.
Synon. Euchaetes.

Gr. καλος kalos beautiful; χρυσεος khruseos golden < χρυσος khrusos gold.

Gr. καλος kalos beautiful, noble, good; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Megalaimidae; syn. Caloramphus †MalayBrown Barbet C. hayii) Gr. καλος kalos beautiful, noble, good; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Eine neue Gatt. Calorhynchus stellte Lesson (Rev. zool. 1839. S. 138, 1840. S. 134) auf, miteiner neuen Art, C. sanguinolentus, von Sumatra" (Wagner 1841); "Calorhynchus Wagner, 1841, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, VII (2), p. 98. New name for Caloramphus Lesson, 1839, considered unacceptable." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Calorynchus.

(Charadriidae; syn. Thinornis † Hooded Plover T. cucullatus) Gr. καλος kalos beautiful, good; genus Oxyechus Reichenbach, 1853, plover (JG; see Manuscript-names).

(Pycnonotidae; Ϯ Golden Greenbul C. serinus) Gr. καλυπτος kaluptos covered < καλυπτω kaluptō to conceal; κιχλη kikhlē thrush; “CALYPTOCICHLA ¹ nom. nov. Trichites HEINE, Journ. f. Ornith., 1860, p. 139 (type Criniger serinus Verreaux) (nec Lycett 1850). Chars. gen.—Similar to Stelgidillas, but nasal operculum densely feathered quite to anterior margin; bill relatively shorter, higher than broad at anterior edge of nostrils, its height at base about equal to one-third the length of exposed culmen; culmen much more curved; rictal bristles weaker. ... Type.—Criniger serinus VERREAUX. This genus is notable for its closely and completely feathered nasal operculum, in which respect it is differentiated from all its allies. It seems undoubtedly to be most nearly related to Stelgidillas, but is in many respects intermediate between the latter and Andropadus. With other genera, already treated, it scarcely needs comparison. The name Trichites, long ago given to this group by Heine, is preoccupied by Trichites Lycett, for a fossil mollusk, and has therefore been replaced by the name above used. The type is the only species, and should stand as: Calyptocichla serina (Verreaux). ... ¹καλυπτος, coöpertus;κιχλη, turdus.”(Oberholser 1905);"Calyptocichla Oberholser, 1905, SmithsonianMiscellaneous Collections, XLVIII, p. 165. New name forTrichites Heine, 1860, not of Lycett, 1850 (Mollusca)." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Trichites.

(Cacatuidae; Ϯ Red-tailed Black Cockatoo C. banksii) Gr. καλυπτος kaluptos covered < καλυπτω kaluptō to conceal; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "8.º Le genre CALYPTORHYNCHUS, Horsfield, est composé des kakatoës noirs,à bec bombé, de la Nouvelle-Hollande. ... *** A plumage généralement brun ou noir.¹ 171. KAKATOËS A TÊTE ROUGE: Psittacus galeatus, Lath., Suppl., fig.; Kuhl, Consp. psitt., page 88, spec. 160; Psittacus phœnicocephalus, Mus. paris.; Cacatua galeata, Vieill.174. ... 172. KAKATOËS FUNÉRAIRE: Psittacus funereus, Shaw, Misc., fig. 186; Kuhl, Consp. psitt., page 81, sp. 161; Cacatua Banksii, var., Vieill. ... 173. KAKATOËS DE TEMMINCK: Psittacus Temminckii, Kuhl, Consp. psitt., p. 89, sp. 162; Psittacus Solandri, Temm., Trans. soc. linn., tom. 13, pag. 113. ... 174.KAKATOËS DE BANKS: Psittacus Banksii, Linn.; Kuhl, Consp. psitt., page 90, spec. 163; Temm., Trans. soc. linn., tome 13, page 113; Psittacus magnificus, Shaw, Miscell., pl. 50 (fig. méd.); Lath., Syn., pl. 11; Shaw, Mus. Lever., 4; Cacatua Banksii, Vieill. ... 175. KAKATOËS DE LEACH: Psittacus Leachii, Kuhl, Consp. psitt., page 91, spec. 164, pl. 111; Banksian Cockatoo, var., Phillip, Voy. New-South-Walles [sic],page 267;Psittacus Cookii, Temm., Trans. soc. linn., p. 111. ... ¹Il est vraisemblable que les oiseaux compris dans cette petite sub-division, composent le genreCalyptorhynchusde M. Horsfield, et qu'ils sont ainsi nommés d'après la forme très-élargie et bombée de leur bec." (Desmarest 1826);"Genus CALYPTORHYNCHUS*. Rostrum crassum, fortissimum, multo altius quam longus, basi latum; mandibulæ superioris culmine compresso, a basi ascendente, maxime arcuato, apice introrsum inclinante; inferiore brevissima, dilata, fortiter emarginata, apice introrsum inclinante, plumis genarum præcipue tecta ... * Kαλυπτω celo, andῥυγχος rostrum" (Vigors & Horsfield 1827); "Calyptorhynchus "Horsfield" Desmarest, Dict. Sci. Nat., éd. Levrault, 39, 1826, p. 20 [sic= 21], 117. Type, by subsequent designation, C. banksii (Lath.) = Psittacus magnificus Shaw (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 53.)" (Peters, 1937, III, p. 171).
Var. Calyptorrhynchus, Calyptorynchus.
Synon. Banksianus, Cacatoes, Harrisornis.
● (Cacatuidae; quasi-syn. Calyptorhynchus † Glossy Black Cockatoo C. lathami) “Genus Calyptorhynchus, VIG. & HORSF. Cal. Solandri. Australia.” (Selby 1840); “Calyptorhynchus “Vig. & Horsf.” Selby, 1840, Cat. Generic Subgeneric Types Aves, p. 25 (not of Vigors & Horsfield, 1827, i.e. Desmarest, 1826). Type, by monotypy, Calyptorhynchus solandri Selby, 1840, i.e. Psittacus solanderi Temminck, 1821 = Psittacus lathami Temminck, 1807.” (JAJ 2023).

(Thraupidae;Ϯ Large Tree-finch C. psittacula) Gr. καμαρα kamara arch, vault; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "CAMARHYNCHUS (subgenus). CAMARHYNCHUSdiffert a genere Geospiza, rostro debiliore, margine mandibulæ superioris minus indentato; culmine minus elevato in frontem et plus arcuato; lateribus tumidioribus; mandibula inferiore minus in genas tendente. CAMARHYNCHUS PSITTACULA. (Spec. typ.) ... CAMARHYNCHUS CRASSIROSTRIS." (Gould 1837);"Camarhynchus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 6, Oct. 3, 1837—type, by orig. desig., Camarhynchus psittacula Gould." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 137) (see Geospiza).
Var. Camarynchus, Camarorhynchus.
Synon. Casmarhynchus.

(Campephagidae; † Golden Cuckoo-shrike C. sloetii) Gr. καμπη kampē caterpillar; χαιρω khairō to delight in; despite its name, which reflects its relationship with the cuckoo-shrikes Campephaga, the Golden Cuckoo-shrike feeds mainly on small fruits and insects; "Genus 2. Campochæra, Salvad. 1. C. sloetii (Schl.). Hab. New Guinea. Campephaga aurulenta, Sclater, Pr. Z. S.1873, p. 692, pl. 54. Campephaga Sloetii, Meyer. Sitz. Wiener Akad. 1874, LXX. p. 125. This species is doubtless generically distinct and I therefore adopt Count Salvadori's name. It has a bill like Graucalus, but the tail reminds one of Pericrocotus, being very strongly graduated, so that the distance between the tip of the outer feather and that of the middle one exceeds the tarsus in length." (Sharpe 1878); "Sp. 74. Campochaera sloeti (SCHLEG.) ... Il nuovo genere Campochaera, che ha per tipo la Campephaga sloeti, Schleg., può essere caratterizzato nel modo seguente: Genus novum CAMPOCHAERA generi LALAGI affine, sed rostro ad basin latiore, cauda paullo longiore, rectricibus acutiusculis et coloribus plumarum satis diversum. Rispetto ai colori la C. sloeti ricorda alquanto le specie del gere [sic] Indo-malese Pericrocotus ed anche alcune del genere Africano Campophaga." (Salvadori 1879); "Campochæra Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. xiv. p. 61 [= 67], Feb. 14th, 1879. Type (by original designation): Campephaga sloetii Schlegel" (Mathews, 1930, Syst. Av. Austral., II, 529); "Campochaera "Salvadori" in Sharpe, 1878, Mitt. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 3, p. 363. Type, by monotypy, Campephaga sloetii Schlegel." (Peters, 1960, IX, p. 195).

‡(Anatidae; Ϯ Labrador Duck C. labradorius) Gr. καμπτος kamptos flexible < καμπτω kamptō to bend; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; the bill of the Labrador Duck was wide and broadened at the tip, and contained a large number of lamellae. Recent work indicates a close relationship toPolysticta; "Gen. 287. CAMPTORHYNCHUS, Eyton. 391. CAMPTORHYNCHUS LABRADORUS, Eyt. (Anas Labradoria, Gm.) Aud. pl. 332. Northern coast." (Bonaparte 1838); "Camptorhynchus "Eyton" Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, p. 58, 1838—type, by monotypy, Anas labradoria Gmelin." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 396).
Synon. Camptolaimus, Kamptorhynchus.

(Troglodytidae; Ϯ Thrush-like Wren C. turdinus) Gr. καμπυλος kampulos curved, bent < καμπτω kamptō to bend; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "GENUS I. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS. Turdinus; rostro longiusculo, arcuato, crassiusculo, ad basin latiusculo, versus apicem cylindrico; naribus ovatis, subbasalibus, non obtectis; digito postico reliquis crassiore; alis breviusculis; rictu oris usque ad oculos elongato. SPECIES 1. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS SCOLOPACEUS. ... Habitat in sylvis Rio de Janeiro. SPECIES 2. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS STRIOLATUS. ... Habitat in provincia Bahiae." (von Spix 1824); "Campylorhynchus von Spix, 1824, Avium Species NovaeBrasiliam, I, p. 77. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 25), C. scolopaceus von Spix, 1824 = Opetiorhynchos turdinuszu Wied-Neuwied, 1821." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Kampilorhynchus,Kampilorynchus,Kampylorhynchus,Campilorhynchus, Camplorynchus.
Synon.Buglodytes, Heleodytes, Psalter.

Kamchatka, Siberia.
● ex “Kamtschatka Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Calliope calliope).
● Erroneous TL. "Kamtschatka" (= Princes I. Java); ex “Long-billed Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Orthotomus sepium) (so identified by Stresemann 1950).

(Phasianidae;† Spruce Grouse C. canadensis canace) Gr. καναχεω kanakheō to be noisy, to sing loudly (cf. genus Canace Reichenbach, 1853, grouse; Gr. -ιτης -itēs resembling); "The name which has been used as the generic term for the Spruce partridge and allied species is preoccupied in zoology, for as early as 1838 Canace was applied to a group of dipterous insects by Curtis, while for the birds it was not proposed until 1852. This will necessitate the adoption of Elliot's Dendragapus, if we consider the Dusky Grouse congeneric with the Spruce Partridge. For the subgenus embracing the latter, a substitute for Canace is necessary, and to avoid too great dissimilarity it may be called Canachites* ... *Deriv.,καναχεω, to be noisy. Type, Tetrao canadensis Linn." (Stejneger 1885); "Canachites Stejneger. 1885, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, p. 410. New name for Canace Reichenbach, 1853, not of Curtis, 1838 (Diptera)." (JAJ 2021).
Var.Canchites.
Synon. Canace.

(Ardeidae; syn. Cochlearius † Boat-billed Heron C. cochlearius) L. cancroma (contracted < canceroma) cancer < cancer crab; “Cancroma of Linnaeus, from their feeding on crabs” (Pennant 1773); “It has been thought to live on crabs likewise, whence the Linnaean name; but this is not clear, though it cannot be denied; yet we are certain that fish is the most common if not the only food” (Latham 1785);"83. CANCROMA. Rostrum gibbosum: mandibula superiore cymbæ resupinatæ forma." (Linnaeus 1766); "Cancroma Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 233, 1766—type, by monotypy, Cancroma cochlearia Linnaeus." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 238). Linnaeus's Cancroma comprised two species (Cancroma Cochlearia, C. Cancrophaga).
Var. Concroma, Canchroma.

L. canus grey; Med. L. nuchusnape < Arabic nukhā' spinal marrow.

(Troglodytidae; † Long-billed Wren T. longirostris) L. cantus song < canere to sing; Gr. ορχιλος orkhilos wren; "Wren song has long been the subject of scientific study ... as this group exhibits impressive diversity in such features as song structure, repertoire size, presence of female song, and sex-specific patterns of song use ... Cantorchilus, gen. nov. Type: Thryothorus longirostris (Vieillot). Etymology: cantus, song; orchilos, wren" (Mann et al. 2006); "Cantorchilus Mann, Barker, Graves, Dingess-Mann and Slater, 2006, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40 (3), p. 750+. Type, by original designation, Thryothorus longirostris Vieillot, 1818." (JAJ 2021).

According to Edwards 1747, the Northern Hawk Owl was called Coparacoch by the Cree around Hudson’s Bay; ex “Little Hawk-Owl”of Edwards 1747, and “Caparoch” of de Buffon 1770-1783; "It is an (accidental?) abbreviation of the original 'Caparacoch,' said to be the name of the bird among the natives of the Hudson's Bay Territory, but not even the most furious purist is expected to request its emendation into 'classical' Indian." (Stejneger 1884)(subsp. Surnia ulula).

(Passerellidae;syn. Atlapetes Ϯ Yellow-breasted Brush Finch A. latinuchus) Gr. καρηνον karēnon head < κρανιον kranion head, skull <καρα kara,καρατος karatos head; χροα khroa,χροας khroas colour, appearance <χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion; "c. Carenochrous. 9. BUARREMON LATINUCHUS. ...pileo toto et cervice postica castaneis: lateribus capitis nigris ... 10. BUARREMON RUFINUCHUS. ... pileo et nucha cinnamomeo-rufis ... 11. BUARREMON LEUCOPTERUS. ... pileo ochraceo-rufo ... 12. BUARREMON PALLIDINUCHUS. ... capite nigro: vitta lata a fronte ad nucham antice latiore cinnamomea ... 13. BUARREMON ALBIFRENATUS. ... pileo castaneo ... 14. BUARREMON SCHISTACEUS. ... pileo intense castaneo" (P. Sclater 1856); "Carenochrous Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 24, p. 87, July, 1856—type, by subs. desig. (Sclater, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 254, 1886), Buarremon latinuchus Du Bus." (Hellmayr, 1938, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. XI, p. 384).

Dr Leonard Carmichael (1898-1973) US zoologist, psychologist, Vice-President for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Soc. (subsp. Rallicula mayri).

(Rhinocryptidae; syn. Merulaxis † Slaty Bristlefront M. ater) Gr. σαρον saron broom < σαιρω sairō to sweep; χαλινος khalinos bridle; "Gen. Sarochalinus n. gen. (σαρος, Besen; χαλινος, Zügel.) Merulaxis Less. Platyurus Sws. 1837. pt. Malacorhynchus Ménétr. pt. Die Federn zwischen den Nasenlöchern und Augen sind besonders steif und verlängert; wodurch sich die hierher gehörigen Arten, sowie durch verhältnissmässig längeren Schwanz, von Scytalopus unterscheiden. Der Schwanz scheint im vollständigen Zustande aus 14 Federn zu bestehen. 1. S. ater. ... 2. S. rhinolophus. ... Die bräunliche Färbung dieser Art könnte auf einen Jugenzustand der vorhergehenden schliessen lassen, doch sind alle Körperverhältnisse von rhinolophus merklich kleiner und das Colorit ist einfarbig ohne die zickzackförmigen Linien, welche für die jüngern Exemplare vom ater bezeichnend sind." (Cabanis 1847); "Sarochalinus Cabanis, 1847, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, XIII (1), p. 220. Type, by monotypy, Merulaxis ater Lesson, 1830 (S. rhinolophus treated as a juvenile specimen)." (JAJ 2023).
Var. Carochelinus.

Gr. καρυον karuon walnut; χροα khroa,χροας khroas appearance, colour < χρως khrōs,χρωτος khrōtos complexion.

Gr. καρυον karuon walnut; χροα khroa,χροας khroas complexion.

(Cotingidae; syn. Procnias † Bearded Bellbird P. averano) Gr. χασμα khasma gaping mouth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "AVERANO (1), Casmarhinchos. (Temm.) - Caract. Bec large, très-déprimé, mou et flexibleà la base, comprimé et cornéà la pointe, fosse nasale très-ample; pointe de la mandibule supérieureéchancrée; les bords de la mandibule inférieure minces, flexibles, seulement la pointe cornée. ... Esp. Ampelis variegata. - Carunculata. - (Araponga Voy. du prince Max. Casmarhinchos nudicollis.) - Procnias melanocephalus.(P. Max.)" (Temminck 1820); "Casmarhinchos Temminck, 1820, Manuel d'Ornithologie, 2nd ed., I, p. LXIII. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 34), P. variegatus (Gm.), i.e. Ampelis variegata Gmelin, 1789 = Ampelis averano Hermann, 1783." (JAJ 2021) (see Casmarhynchos andCasmorhynchus).
Var. Casmarynchos, Casmarhynchus, Casymorhynchus, Chasmarhynchos, Chasmarhynchus,Chasmarynchus,Chasmorhynchos, Chasmorhynchus, Cosmarhynchus.

(Cotingidae; syn. Procnias † Bearded Bellbird P. averano carnobarba) Gr. χασμα khasma gaping mouth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Casmarhynchos TEMMINCK, Nouv. Rec. Pl. Col., livr. 9, pl. 51, 1821—type by monotypy "Casmarhynchos variegatus" = Ampelis carnobarba CUVIER." (Hellmayr, 1929, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. VI, p. 237).
Var. Casmarhynchus, Casmorhynchos.

(Thraupidae; syn. Camarhynchus † Small Tree-finch C. parvulus) Gr. χασμα khasma gaping mouth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; Reichenbach’s 1850, plate LXXVIII, labelled Passerinae: Pyrrhulinae Coccothraustinae, shows an obvious tree-finch, but I identify it as the current small-billed species and not the parrot-billed Large Tree-finch C. psittacula(contra G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 72);“Casmarhynchus Reichenbach, 1850, Avium Systema Naturale, plate LXXVIII (no specific name given). Type, here fixed by subsequent designation, Geospiza parvula Gould, 1837.” (JAJ 27/3/2024).

(Cotingidae; syn. Procnias † Bare-throated Bellbird P. nudicollis) Gr. χασμα khasma gaping mouth; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; “CASMORHYNCHUS, Tem. (fig. 222. a) Size large. Face and throat frequently bare of feathers, covered with a naked skin, or furnished with wattles. Bill very wide at the base; the horny portion very short: under mandible weak, the gonys remarkably short. Nostrils naked, very large, medial between the front and the tip of the bill. First and second quill short, third quill longest. Tail short. C. nudicollis. Pl. Col. 368. 383. (a)” (Swainson 1837); “Casmorhynchus “Tem.” Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 252. Type, by monotypy, Casmorhynchus nudicollis, i.e. Ampelis nudicollis Vieillot, 1817.” (JAJ 2023) (see Casmarhinchos and Casmarhynchos).

L. castaneus chestnut-brown < castanea chestnut < Gr. καστανον kastanon chestnut; Gr. ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill.

(Pycnonotidae; syn. Hemixos † Chestnut Bulbul H. castanonotus) Gr. καστανον kastanon chestnut; χλαμυς khlamus,χλαμυδος khlamudos mantle (JAJ MS; see Manuscript-names).

(Thraupidae; Ϯ Plushcap / Plush-capped FinchC. diadema) Gr. καταμβλυνω katamblunō or καταμβλυοω katambluoō to blunt; ρυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Gen. CATAMBLYRHYNCHUS (bec obtus et comprimé). Car. Gen.Rostrum breve, arcuatum, valde compressum, maxillæ carina supera planulata, utrinque linea impressa marginata, apice obtusa, rotundata. Alæ mediocres, rotundæ, quatuor remigibus externis gradatis, quarta et quinta longissimis. Cauda satis elongata, tectricibus totis gradatis, apice acuminatis, quarum pogonio externo angusto, recto, interno autem dilatato, rotundato. Pedes fortes, pollice præcipue elongato, ungulo valido terminato. La forme pour ainsi dire toute anomale du bec de l'espèce de Fringille type de ce genre, nous a empêché de la placer dans aucun de ceux déjà existants, et nous a forcé d'en créer un nouveau pour elle. Son nom exprime autant que possible cette particularité de forme. Catamblyrhynchus diadema. ... Habitat in Colombia." (de La Fresnaye 1842); "Catamblyrhynchus Lafresnaye, 1842, Rev. Zool. [Paris], 5, p. 301. Type, by monotypy, Catamblyrhynchus diadema Lafresnaye." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 215).
Var. Calamblyrhynchus,Catamblyrhamphus (Gr. ραμφος rhamphos bill).
Synon. Bustamantia.

Gr. καταρακτης kataraktēs or καταρρακτης katarrhaktēs unknown rapacious seabird (perhaps a large gull or a skua, but certainly not a penguin!)
●(Spheniscidae; syn. Eudyptes† SouthernRockhopper Penguin E. chrysocome) "CCXCII.e Genre. GORFOU, Catarrhactes, Briss. ... Ce genre ne comprend qu'une espèce, qui s'élance hors de l'eau ... GORFOU SAUTEUR; Catarrhactes chrysocoma, Vieill., Gal. pl. 248; Encycl., pl. 17, fig. 2; Aptenodytes chrysocoma, Gm.; The crested Penguin, Shaw, Misc. t. XI, pl. 437" (Lesson 1831); "Catarrhactes "Briss." Lesson, 1831, Traité d'Ornithologie, p. 644. Type, by monotypy, Catarrhactes chrysocoma Vieill., i.e. Aptenodytes chrysocome J. R. Forster, 1781." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Catarhactes,Catarrachtes.
● (Spheniscidae; syn. Megadyptes † Yellow-eyed Penguin M. antipodes) “GORFOU ANTIPODE (Catarrhactes antipodes). ... Habite les îles Auckland. ... GORFOU D’ADÉLIE (Catarrhactes Adeliæ). ... Habite les glaces de la terre Adélie.” (Hombron & Jacquinot 1841); “Catarrhactes Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841, Annales Sciences Naturelles, sér. 2, XVI, p. 320 (not of Lesson, 1831). Type here fixed by subsequent designation, Catarrhactes antipodes Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841.” (JAJ 18/4/2023).
●(Stercorariidae; syn. Stercorarius† Great Skua S. skua) "Catarrhactes. Sturz-Raubmöve, Raben-Raubmöve. skua Brünn. Nördliche Meere. antarctica Lesson. Das südliche stille Meer. Von der vorhergehenden wenig verschieden. Das Gefieder gleichfarbiger braun." (Bruch 1853); "Catarrhactes Bruch, 1853, Journal für Ornithologie, I, p. 108 (not of Lesson, 1831, nor of Hombron and Jacquinot, 1841). Type here fixed by subsequent designation, Catarrhactes skua Bruch, 1853, i.e. Catharacta skua Brünnich, 1764." (JAJ 5/5/2021).

●(Emberizidae; syn. Emberiza† Reed Bunting E. schoeniclus) L. cychramus unknown migratory bird < Gr. κυχραμος kukhramos, κιχραμος kikhramos or κιγχραμας kinkhramas unknown bird which accompanied the quails on migration, variously conjectured to be a bunting or a crake; "Cynchramus: Em. schoeniclus Lin. u. s. w." (Boie 1826); "Cynchramus Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 974. Type, by virtual monotypy, E. schoeniclus Lin., i.e. Fringilla schoeniclus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Cenchramus, Cynchranus.
●(Emberizidae; quasi-syn.Emberiza† Corn Bunting E. calandra) "Gen. 163. CYNCHRAMUS, Nob. (Miliaria, Brehm.) 231. CYNCHRAMUS MILIARIA, Nob. (Emberiza miliaria, L.) Gould, pl. 171)" (Bonaparte 1838); "Cynchramus Bonaparte, 1838, Geogr. Comp. List Birds Europe North America, p. 35 (not of Boie, 1826). New name for Miliaria Brehm, 1831, perhaps to avoid the tautonym Miliaria miliaria, although such a construction did not usually bother Bonaparte." (JAJ 2021).
●(Phasianidae; syn. Meleagris† Wild Turkey M. gallopavo) Gr.κεγχραμις kenkhramis trachoma of the eyes <κεγχρος kenkhros speck, stye in the eye; "MELEAGRIS, L. Gallopavo, L. Cynchramus, Mœhr. M. gallopavo, L., Pl. enl. 97." (G. Gray 1840); "Cynchramus "Moehr." G.. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 60 (not of Boie, 1826, nor of Bonaparte, 1838). Type, by original designation, Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021) (see Cenchramus).

(Phasianidae; syn. Meleagris† Wild Turkey M. gallopavo) Gr.κεγχραμις kenkhramis trachoma of the eyes <κεγχρος kenkhros speck, stye in the eye; “47. CENCHRAMVS. * Meleagris. LINN. gen. 65., ed. 6. gen. 67. ... Obs. Maris prolobus pluma cirrhosa, curua, exstante præditus; loco calcaris in tibiis uerruca cornea. Caudam saepe in orbem eleuant.” (Moehring, 1752, Avium Genera, p. 51 (pre-Linnaean));“MELEAGRIS, L. Gallopavo, Briss. (1760). Cenchramus, Mœhr. (1752). M. gallopavo, L. Pl. enl. 97.” (G. Gray 1841); "Cenchramus Moehr. (t. c., S. 3 u. 36) ist synonym mit Meleagris Linné (t. c., S 85)" (Poche 1904); "Cenchramus “Moehr.” G. Gray, 1841, List Genera Birds, 2nd ed., p. 78. Alternative name for Meleagris Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2023).
Var. Cochramus.

(Falconidae;syn. Falco Ϯ Common Kestrel F. tinnunculus) L. cenchris, cenchridis kestrel < Gr. κεγχρις kenkhris,κεγχριδος kenkhridos kestrel (cf. "Cenchris ² "Boje" C. L. BREHM ... ² This doubtless is a slip for Cerchneis Boie." (Richmond, 1917, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 53, no. 2221, p. 582); "4) der Thurmfalke, Cenchris tinnuncula, Boje ... 4) Der Thurmfalke. Cenchris tinnuncula, Boje. (Falco tinnunculus, Linn.)" (Brehm 1832); “Cenchris “Boie” C. Brehm 1832, Handbuch für den Liebhaber der Stuben-, Haus- und aller der Zähmung werthen Vögel, pp. XVIII, 323. Type, by monotypy, Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758.” (JAJ 2023).
Var. Cenchreis(Gr.κεγχρηις kenkhrēis,κεγχρηιδος kenkhrēidos kestrel), Eenchris.

L. cenchris, cenchridis kestrel < Gr. κεγχρις kenkhris,κεγχριδος kenkhridos kestrel. In Gr. myth. Cenchris was one of the Pierides, who, having failed to best the Muses in a singing contest, was transformed into a hawk (syn. Falco naumanni, syn. Ictinia plumbea).

Gr. κεγχρις kenkhris,κεγχριδος kenkhridos kestrel; -οιδης -oidēs resembling.
● “The species is closely allied to a group which is noted for the general similarity and the corresponding disposition of its colours; and which includes our Kestril, F. tinnuculus, Linn., the κεγχρις of Aristotle; the newly characterized European species, F. tinnunculoides, Temm. [= F. cenchris = F. naumanni]; the African species, F. rupicolus, Daud.; and some others” (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) (Falco).
● “Astur cenchroides nob.; named for the numerous bars on the tail, of which the last is the widest, as in the kestrel F. cenchris” (Severtzov 1873) (OD and transl. per Laurent Raty 2024)(syn. Tachyspiza badius).

(Alcidae; syn. Cerorhinca † Rhinoceros Auklet C. monocerata) Gr. κερας keras,κερατος keratos horn; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; “Genus 323. CERATORHYNCHA, Nob. (Cerorhynca, Nob.) 461. CERATORHYNCA OCCIDENTALIS, Nob. (Phaleris cerorhynca, Nob.) Aud. pl. 402.” (Bonaparte 1838); “Ceratorhyncha Bonaparte, 1838, Geographical and Comparative List Birds Europe and North America, p. 66. Alternative and more correct name for Cerorhynca, i.e. Cerorhinca Bonaparte, 1828.” (JAJ 2023).
Var. Ceratorhynca.

(Alcidae; Ϯ Rhinoceros Auklet C. monocerata) Specific name Phaleris cerorhynca Bonaparte, 1827 (= syn. Cerorhinca monocerata): "Hence we have been induced to apply to it a specific name, which being compounded from the Greek might, with propriety, become generic."; "CERORHINCA. Phaleris, Nob. Suppl. Am. Gen. in Zool. Journ. (29) BILL shorter than the head, much compressed throughout, much longer than high; perfectly smooth, base not much feathered,covered by a callous membrane, surmounted by a long, obtuse, horn-like process, (rising perpendicularly on the base of the bill); both mandibles curved and slightly notched at tip; lower strongly angular beneath, not truncated, acute, from the angle to the base each side inferiorly a very deep, linear, inconspicuous groove; edges sharp, those of the upper mandible much dilated, of the lower remarkably bent in at base: nostrils situated beneath the callous cere, marginal, long; linear, pervious, very apparent, half closed by the membrane; tongue short, slender, depressed, and bifid at tip? Head globular, orbits feathered; eyes small; neck short, stout: body plump.... Well entitled to generic distinction. Not more allied to any other genus of Pygopodes than they are to each other, intermediate between Phaleris and Mormon, but more closely related to the latter by the sheath covering the bill, which differs in form only, and the great depression of that member. 377. CERORHINCA OCCIDENTALIS, Nobis." (Bonaparte 1828); "Cerorhinca Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 2, 1828, p. 427. Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis Bonaparte = Alca monocerata Pallas." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 358).
Var. Cerorhina (Gr. κερας keras, κερως kerōs horn), Ceratorynchus, Cerorhincha, Cerorhyncha, Cerorhynca.
Synon. Ceratorhyncha, Ceratorrhina,Chimerina.
●(Alcidae; syn. Aethia † Least Auklet A. pusilla) “CERORHINCA OCCIDENTALIS.? Pr. of Musignano, Syn. p. 428. sp. 377. I refer to this species of the Prince of Musignano with some doubt. The birds under consideration, of which many specimens were brought home by the expedition, possess the horny process on the ridge of the upper mandible, that forms the distinguishing characteristic of the genus Cerorhinca, and they equally agree with the general description of the species above quoted. They also accord with the description of the flat-billed Auk, or Alca pygmæa of Dr. Latham, who probably refers to the horny process on the upper mandible, when he speaks of the tip of it being “ridged.” This latter bird M. Temminck asserts to be the young of the Phaleris cristatella. ... it is impossible for the home naturalist to come to any conclusion, as to species, upon the mere examination of a skin. Relying, however, upon the known accuracy of the Prince of Musignano, I refer our specimens to his species as above quoted, expressing at the same time the doubts I feel on the subject. Specimens of these birds were brought off from St. Lawrence Island in great abundance” (Vigors 1839); “Cerorhinca Vigors, 1839, Zoology Capt. Beechey’s Voyage in HMS Blossom 1825-1828, p. 33 (not of Bonaparte, 1828). Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis “Bonaparte” Vigors, 1839 = Uria pusilla Pallas, 1811.” (JAJ 2022) (see Ciceronia).

(Picidae; syn. Celeus † Ringed Woodpecker C. torquatus tinnunculus) Genus Cerchneis Boie, 1826, kestrel; L. picus woodpecker; "9. CERCHNEIPICUS, Bp. —93. tinnunculus, Wagl. —94. multicolor, Gm. —95. undatus, L. (rufus?Gm.) —96. multifasciatus, Natter. —97. grammicus, Natterer." (Bonaparte 1854); "Cerchneipicus Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, 2, 1854, p. 123. (Consp. Vol. Zygodact., p. 9.) Type, by subsequent designation, Picus tinnunculus Wagler. (G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 93.)" (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 122) (see tinnunculus).
Var. Cercheneipicus.

(Accipitridae; syn. Buteo † Common Buzzard B. buteo) Gr. κερχνη kerkhnē falcon, kind of hawk; "Cerchne pennipes, Rough-legged Buzzard. Cerchne Buteo, Buzzard." (F. Morris 1837) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Cerchne F. O. Morris, 1837, The Naturalist (ed. N. Wood), II (9), p. 123. New name for Buteo de Lacépède, 1799." (JAJ 2021) (see Seiren).

(Falconidae; syn. Falco † Rock Kestrel F. rupicolus) Gr. κερχνῃς kerkhnēis,κερχνῃδος kerkhnēidos kestrel; "III. Fam. Falconidae Leach. ... Cerchneis: F. rupicola Lichst. u.s.w." (Boie 1826); "Cerchneis Boie, Isis, 19, 1826, col. ['976'=] 970. Type, by monotypy, Falco rupicolus Daudin." (Peters, 1931, I, p. 298).

(Picidae; syn. Celeus † Ringed Woodpecker C. torquatus tinnunculus) Genus Cerchneis Boie, 1826, kestrel; Gr. πιπω pipō woodpecker; "Tr. 29a. 39. Cerchneipicus Bp. corr. Cerchneopipo (tinnunc.)" (Sundevall 1866); "Cerchneopipo nob. Cap. Pic. p. 116 (tinnunculus); sp. 230-1." (Sundevall, 1873, Methodi Naturalis Avium Dispon. Tentamen, pt. II, p. 73); "Cerchneopipo Sundevall, 1866, Conspectus Avium Picinarum, p. 116 (Synopsis). New name for Cerchneipicus Bonaparte, 1854, considered grammatically incorrect because of its Latin termination." (JAJ 2021).

(Muscicapidae; Ϯ Black Scrub Robin C. podobe) Gr. κερκος kerkos tail; τριχας trikhas,τριχαδος trikhados thrush; alluding to the long, expressive tail of the Black Scrub Robin;"Cercotrichas. Unter diesen Namen vereinige ich Turdus phoenicopterus Tem. T. erythropterus, T. macrourus Lath. T. tricolor Vieill. Afr. pl. 14. Sax. leucampter Museum Berl." (Boie 1831); "Cercotrichas Boie, 1831, Isis, p. 542. Type, by subsequent designation (Finsch and Hartlaub, 1870, Vög. Ost.-Afr., p. 249), Turdus erythropterus Gmelin = Turdus podobe Müller." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 27).
Synon. Aedon, Agrobates,Erythropygia, Karoocichla, Podobeus, Salsolicola.
● (Muscicapidae; syn. Copsychus † White-rumped Shama C. malabaricus tricolor) “Cercotrichas, pt., Boie, Isis, 1831, p. 542. Kittacincla, Gould, P. Z. S.1836, p. 7 . . . .Type. C. tricolor.” (Sharpe 1883); “Cercotrichas “Boie” Sharpe, 1883, Cat. Birds British Museum, VII, p. 84. Inferred type, by original designation, C. tricolor, i.e. Turdus tricolor Vieillot, 1818.” (JAJ 8/9/2024).
● Cercotrichas phœniceus of Jerdon, 1862, Birds India, I, p. 418, is a lapsus for Campephaga phoenicea.

(Cuculidae; ϮBlue Malkoha / Chattering YellowbillC. aereus flavirostris) Gr. κευθμος keuthmos hiding place < κευθω keuthō to hide; χαιρω khairō to rejoice; "Gen. CEUTHMOCHARES*) Nob. —Erzkuckuk. Zanclostomus Bp. 1854 (nec Sws. 1837). 47.—1. C. aereus Nob. Coucou gris-broncé Temm. Cat. Syst. p. 207.— Levaill. Ois. Afr. V. p. 43. t. 215.— Sundev. Krit. Framst. p. 48.—Cuculus aereus Vieill. Nouv. Dict. VIII. p. 229.— Id. Enc. Méth. III. p. 1333. 15.— Cuculus aeratus Steph. Gen. Z. XIV. 1. p. 210. 18.—Zanclostomus flavirostris Sws. B. W. Afr. II. p. 183. t. 19.— Fras. Proc. Z. Soc. 1843. p. 51.— Gray Gen. B. II. p. 460. 2.— Bp. Consp. I. p. 98. gen. 232. 1.— Hartl. Journ. Orn. 1854. p. 201. 435.— Verr. Rev. & Mag. Z. 1855. p. 176.— Cuculus (Zanclostomus) flavirostris Sundev. Oefvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Förhandl. 1849. p. 162. 21.— Zanclostomus aereus Hartl. Journ. Orn. 1854. p. 201. 434.— Id. Orn. Westafr. p. 187. 552.— Cassin Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1859. p. 142. 185.— Hartl. Orn. Faun. Madag. p. 63.— Zanclostomus aeneus Gurney Ibis 1859. p. 248. 45. ... *) Bonaparte hat (Consp. Vol. Zygod. p. 5. gen. 15) den Zanclostomus flavirostris Sws. mit Beibehaltung des ursprünglichen Namens generisch von seinen indischen Verwandten abgesondert und für diese die gloger'sche Benennung Melias hervorgesucht, welche uns nur als reines Synonym zu den von jenem aus sprachlichen Gründen beanstandetenPhoenicophaus Vieill. gelten kann. Wir stimmen allerdings mit ihm darin überein, dass diese beiden schon von der Natur geographisch streng geschiedenen Gruppen auch im System generisch getrennt zu werden verdienen, betrachten aber als Typus der Gattung Zanclostomus den vonSwainson selbst (Classif. B. p. 323. fig. 284d & e) bei Begründung derselben angegebenen und abgebildeten Phoenicophaus javanicus Horsf. und ziehen desshalb für den Erzkuckuk, der nach Ayres' Beobachtungen in Port Natal "frequents the dense bush, where it creeps about like the Colies", den ausκευθμος (dichtes, verbergendes Gebüsch) undχαιρω (sich erfreuen) zusammengesetzten Gattungsnamen Ceuthmochares vor. — Hartlaub unterschied früher eine südliche grünlich- und eine westliche bläulich-glänzende Rasse des Erzkuckuks als Z. aereus und Z. flavirostris" (Cabanis & Heine 1862); "Ceuthmochares Cabanis and Heine, 1862, Museum Heineanum, IV (I), p. 60. New name for Zanclostomus Bonaparte, 1854, not of Swainson, 1837." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Ceuthmocharis, Ceuthmocheres, Ceutmochares.
Synon. Leptourus.

Yerofey Pavlovich KhabarofBoyar of Ilyimsk (b. 1603) Russian adventurer, merchant, explorer in Siberia 1625-1641 and Amuria 1649-1653 (subsp. Chloris sinica).

Statius Müller’s 1776, attempt at latinizing the French name “Tcha-chert” given to the Chabert Vanga by de Buffon 1770-1783 (probably based on a Malagasy native name (e.g. Langrand 1990, records the name Tsa-tsak for this vanga) (“schet-bé ... tcha chert bé ... noms qu’ils portent dans leur pays natal et qu’il est bon de leur conserver” (Levaillant 1799))). Name frequently erroneously treated as an eponym (i.e. Chabert’s Vanga) (Leptopterus).

Jacques Fernand de Rohan-Chabot Comte de Jarnac (1889-1958) French leader of Mission Rohan-Chabot to Angola and Rhodesia 1912-1914 (syn. Myrmecocichla tholloni).

Doubtless an Aztec/Nahuatl autochthonym for a game-bird (i.e. “Chachalacametl” of Hernandez 1651); ex “Chacamel” of de Buffon 1770-1783; "Le chacamel, Buff. (Crax vociferans) fondé sur une indication vague de Fernandès, au chap. XLI, n'a rien d'assez authentique. Sonnini croit même que se pourraitêtre le falco vulturinus." (Cuvier 1816)(unident.; ?Ortalis sp.).

(Phasianidae;syn. Alectoris Ϯ Chukar Partridge A. chukar) Hindi name Chukor for the Chukar Partridge (cf. Chamba name Chakru for the Chukar Partridge); "I am tempted to add to the above generic definitions, another calculated for our Hill Chikore, the Perdix Chukor of Hardwicke, but which differs materially from the type both of Perdix and of Francolinus. It has a bill stronger than either, and, with the nares, extremely resembling those of our Lerwa; but the bill is more compressed; and the Chukora is distinguished by a strength of legs far surpassing any bird of the family. It has some other peculiarities which the following character may perhaps serve to pourtray, as a new generic or sub-generic type. ... If the above distinctions appear worthy of notice, the genus or sub-genus may be called Chacura; and the typic species Chacura pugnax. ... Has a very sonorous call, and the males are famous for courage and pugnacity, being most easily tamed and shewing none of the shyness of the generality of partridges." (Hodgson 1837); "Chacura Hodgson, 1837, Madras Journ. Lit. Sci., V (15), p. 305. Type, by original designation, Chacura pugnax Hodgson, 1837 = Perdix chukar J. Gray, 1830." (JAJ 2021).

Güaraní onomatopoeia Chakurú for the White-eared Puffbird; "NÚM. CCLXI. DEL CHACURU. Le llamaria Cabezon, por su abultada cabeza, si no me asegurasen, que los Guaranís le llaman Chacurú por su voz. Algunos le dan el nombre de Ipecú ó Carpintero, aunque no lo es" (de Azara 1805)(Nystalus).

Egyptian Arabic name Khuddiir for the African Green Bee-eater; "MEROPSÆGYPTIUS ... Arab. Chaddæjr." (Forsskål 1775)(syn. Merops viridissimus cleopatra).

(Meropidae; syn. Merops †?) Doubtless based on a vernacular name or that of a non-Linnaean author, as yet unidentified (see chaddaejr); "2. Sous-famille. MEROPIA. Les Méropiens. Bec allongé et grêle. G. 4. Merops L. 5. Phlorus R. sp. do. 6. Chadirus R. sp. do. 7. Patricus R. sp. do. 8. Ceratops R. sp. do. 8. Dicreadium R. sp. do." (Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 66).

Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; πελεια peleia dove.
● (Columbidae; syn. Columbina † Common Ground Dove C. passerina) "CHÆMEPELIA. ... Types. Columbæ passerina, Linn., squamosa, Temm. This group is nearly allied to the last [Peristera], both in structure and economy. The first quill feather is unusually broad and entire; and there is a narrow row of small feathers down the sides of the tarsi" (Swainson 1827); "Swainson's name was originally spelled Chaemepelia and had been unofficially altered to Chamaepelia by most authors prior to the appearance of Opinion 61 of the Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., sanctioning such emendation." (Peters, 1937, III, 105); "Chaemepelia [rectius Chamaepelia]³Swainson, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 11, p. 361, Dec., 1827—type, by subs. desig. (Gray, List Gen. Subgen. Bds., 2nd ed., p. 75, 1841), Columba passerina Linnaeus ... ³This generic name has been variously changed and emended by subsequent authors [see Var. below]." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1942, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (1), p. 513).
Var. Camaepelia, Chamaepeleia, Chamaeopelia, Chamoepelia, Chamaepelea, Chaemapelia, Chaemepelia, Chaemepella, Choemepelia, Chamapelia, Chamepelia, Chamaepella,Chamaepilea, Chaemepilia, Choepelia.
● (Columbidae; quasi-syn. Columbina † Ruddy Ground Dove C. talpacoti) “Chæmepelia, Sw. Wings short, rounded; the four first quills nearly equal, and not much longer than the tertials; the feathers very broad. Tail moderate, rounded. A line of feathers on the tarsus. America. C. cinnamomina. Spix, ii. 75. a. f. 1.” (Swainson 1837) (see above); “Chaemepelia Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 349. Type, by monotypy, Chamaepelia cinnamomina “Spix” Swainson, 1837 = Columba talpacoti Temminck, 1810.” (JAJ 2023).

(Muscicapidae;syn. PhoenicurusϮ White-capped Redstart P. leucocephalus) Gr. χειμαρρος kheimarrhos torrent; ορνις ornis, ορνιθοςornithos bird; "Keeps singly or in pairs, perching on boulders amidst torrents or rocky banks" (Ali & Ripley,9, 1973); "Luscinidæ. ... Phænicura? leucocephala, (g. Chaimarrornis) [drawing no.] 297." (Hodgson 1844); "Chaimarrornis Hodgson, 1844, in Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 82. Type, by monotypy, Phoenicura leucocephala Vigors." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 132).
Var. Chaemarrornis, Chaemarrhornis,Chaemorrhornis, Chaemorrhous, Chaemorrhoas,Choemorrhous, Chaemorhous, Choemarrhornis, Chaemorrornis.

(Cacatuidae;syn. Probosciger Ϯ Palm Cockatoo P. aterrimus) Gr. χαινω khainō to yawn, to gape open; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "RODZAY I. ZIEWACZ. CHAENEIRHYNCHUS. Oiseau-à-trompe, albo Ara-à-trompe. Fran. Gähnschnabel. Niem. ... n.p. Psittacus aterrimus. GL." (Jarocki 1821); "Chæneirhynchus Jarocki, Zoologiia, vol. ii. p. 17, 1821. Type (by monotypy): Psittacus aterrimus Gmelin." (Mathews, 1927, Syst. Av. Austral., I, 308).

(Ciconiidae; syn. Anastomus † Asian Openbill Stork A. oscitans) This name, listed by Waterhouse, 1889, Index Generum Avium, p. 37, as if from Dumont, 1817, Dict. Sci. Nat., VIII, p. 51, is not generic but a singular vernacular term for this stork (Gr. χαινω khainō to yawn, to gape; ῥαμφη rhamphē bill); "CHÆNORAMPHE. (Ornith.) L'oiseau pour la description duquel on a renvoyé à ce mot, page 186 du tome IV de ce Dictionnaire, est celui que Buffon a désigné sous le nom de bec-ouvert, et dont le caractère distinctif est d'avoir les deux mandibules excavées dans leur milieu, où elles laissent un vide, le bec était fermé" (Dumont 1817) (JAJ 2023)(see Chenoramphus).
Var. Chaenorhamphus.

(Tyrannidae; syn. NesotriccusϮNorthernMouse-coloured Tyrannulet P. murinusincomtus) Gr. φαιος phaios dusky, brown; Mod. L. myias flycatcher < Gr. μυια muia,μυιας muias fly; πιαζω piazō to seize; "Phaeomyias* incomta Cab. ...*Berlepsch having inspected the specimen of "Myiopatis incanescens" in the Museum Heineanum, has satisfied himself that it is = Ornithion cinerascens (Wied), olim O. imberbe Scl. The other species enumerated by Cabanis & Heine, - viz. M. obsoleta and M. pusilla - also belong to the genus Ornithion Hartl., of which Myiopatis Cab. & Heine thus becomes a synonym. Therefore Myiopatis cannot be used for Ph. incomta and allies, for which Berlepsch proposes the new appellation Phaeomyias (φαιος = fuscus,μυιας = nomen propr.) with the species: 1. Ph. incomta (Cab. & Heine); 2. M. wagae (Tacz.); 3. M. tumbezana (Tacs.)" (von Berlepsch 1902); "Phaeomyias Berlepsch, 1902, Novit. Zool., 9, p. 41. Type, by subsequent designation (Chubb, 1921, Birds British Guiana, 2, p. 177), "P. incompta" [= Elainea incomta] Cabanis and Heine." (Traylor in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 16). If, as recently indicated, the various forms of N. murinusare treated as separate species, I suggest the group are called Mouse Tyrantsto reflect their small size and drab colouration (not an uncommon combination in the Tyrannidae!) (see Nesotriccus).
Var. Chaeomyias.

(Ploceidae;syn.EuplectesϮ Long-tailed Widowbird E. progne) Gr. χηρα khēra widow (i.e. in mourning, black); "CHERA. Characters in common with Vidua; but the Wings long ... Tail and its coverts much lengthened, compressed, and arched. ... C. Progne (Bodd.) Pl. enl. 635. - Loxia caffra Gmel.; Emberiza longicauda Gmel. Mill. Icon. t. iii. A., Vieill. Ois. Chant. t. 39, 40.; Vidua phœnicoptera Swains." (G. Gray 1847); "Chera G. Gray, 1847, The Genera of Birds, II, p. 355 (not of Hübner, 1816 (Lepidoptera)). Type, by monotypy, Emberiza progne Boddaert, 1783." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Chaera.

(Laniidae; syn. Eurocephalus † Southern White-crowned Shrike E. anguitimens) Gr. χαιτη khaitē hair; βλημα blēma coverlet (cf. βλεμμα blemma eyesight); "The Lanianæ, or true shrikes, will complete the circle of this family. The precise passage between this and the last seems to be effected by a remarkable bird, discovered in South Africa by Mr. Buschell [sic]; it forms our genus Chætoblemma, and is the only short-billed shrike which has the frontal feathers stiff, and directed forward upon the base of the bill: in this respect, and in its long wings, it presents a curious analogy to Prionops among the bush-shrikes. ... CHÆTOBLEMMA, Sw. (fig. 201.) Bill short; the tip merely curved, and the tooth obsolete. Front defended by thick-set bristly feathers, directed forwards. Wings lengthened; the third quill the longest. Feet short, robust. Middle and hinder toe of the same length; lateral toes free, nearly equal. The fissirostral? type. Analogous to Tephrodornis. L. leucocephala. Sw. Part. 3. No. 5." (Swainson 1837); "Chaetoblemma Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, pp. 10, 219. Type, by monotypy, Lanius leucocephala Swainson, 1837 = Eurocephalus anguitimens A. Smith, 1836." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Chatoblemma.

(Trochilidae; Ϯ Rufous-shafted Woodstar C. jourdainii) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; κερκος kerkos tail; "queue composée de huit plumesà baguettes très-resistantes, relevées de bas en haut ... les deux plumes extérieures de la queue se terminant en pointe très-aiguë et de moitié plus courte que les précédentes" (Bourcier 1839); "349. CHÆTOCERCUS, G. R. Gr. 1853. (Trochilus Jourdani, Bourc.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Chætocercus G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 22. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Trochilus (i.e. Ornismya) jourdanii Bourcier." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 140).
Synon. Acestrura, Osalia, Polymnia, Polyxemus.

(Chaetopidae; Ϯ Cape Rockjumper C. frenatus) Gr. χαιτη khaitē hair; ωψ ōps,ωποςōpos face (cf. “= bristle eye, referring to presence of eyelashes” (Hockeyet al. 2005)); “15. Genus, CHAËTOPS. Bill moderate, thrush-like, notched; nostrils basal, large, naked, membranaceous; the aperture lateral, linear.Frontal feathers rigid, the shafts composed of bristles; chin feathers the same, but weaker. Rictus bristled. Wings very short, rounded. Tail rather lengthened, broad, convex, soft, the middle feathers even, the two lateral pairs graduated. Tarsi very long, strong; anterior scales divided; lateral toes unequal. Claws small, obtuse, and slightly curved; the three anterior of equal size. Type—Ch. Burchelli ...OBS.—I have given the full characters of this and the next genus [Pellorneum] on account of their extreme rarity. Chaëtops was discovered by Mr. Burchell in southern Africa.” (Swainson 1832); "Chaëtops Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., (1831), p. 486. Type, by original designation, Ch.(aëtops) Burchelli Swainson = Malurus frenatus Temminck." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 28).

‡(Mohoidae; Ϯ Kioea C. angustipluma) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long hair; πτιλον ptilon feather; "plumage of the head, neck, and breast, with the webs of the feathers composed of few filaments, and presenting an open or skeleton-like texture; many feathers of the throat terminated with bristles ... This structure of the feathers gives to the plumage of the parts mentioned, a somewhat hairy appearance" (Cassin 1858); "Mr. Dole gives us a list of upwards of 20 supposed Hawaiian species of this order ... Beginning with the "Meliphagidae," he enumerates four species of Moho, or, as I should prefer to call it more classically, Mohoa. Three of them are undoubtedly good species of the genus, which is one of the most characteristic forms of the Hawaiian Avifauna—namely, M. nobilis (Merrem), M. braccata (Cassin), and M. apicalis Gould. But I am very doubtful whether the Entomyza angustipluma of Cassin can be properly referred to this genus, and in my MS. have proposed for it the new generic term Chætoptila†. I have examined the typical specimen of this bird, which was in Mr. Cassin's hands when I was at Philadelphia in 1856. ... † χαιτη, coma; etπτιλον, pluma." (P. Sclater 1871); "Chaetoptila P.Sclater, 1871, Ibis, p. 358. Type, by monotypy,Entomiza angustipluma Peale, 1848." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Chaetophila.

(Phasianidae; syn. Pternistis † Double-spurred Francolin P. bicalcaratus) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; ωψ ōps,ωποςōpos face (cf. πους pous, ποδοςpodos foot); "Chætopus, Sw. Francolin. Frontal feathers divided in front by the base of the bill. Tarsus generally armed with spurs in the male: posterior tarsal scales, small, hexagonal, much smaller than those in front. Inner toe equal, or nearly so, to the outer. Claws compressed. Tail very short, often nearly hidden by the covers. Chiefly Tropical Asia and Africa. C. Adansonii. West. Af. ii. Pondicerianus. Pl. C. 213. Vaillantii. Pl. Col. 477." (Swainson 1837); "Chaetopus Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 344. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 106), Chaetopus adansonii Swainson, 1837 = Perdix adansonii Temminck, 1815 = Tetrao bicalcaratus Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Chaetops, Choetopus.

(Muscicapidae; syn. Niltava † Rufous-bellied Niltava N. sundara) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; ῥις rhis, ῥινος rhinos nostrils; “Chætorhis (Chaitaris!) Hdgs .. 1841 (Niltava! sundara! Hdgs. Ind. Rev. 1837, 650; Jerd. Ind. I, 473.” (Sundevall 1872); “Chaetorhis Sundevall, 1872, Methodi Naturalis Avium Disponendarum Tentamen, p. 25. New grammatically correct name for Chaitaris Hodgson, 1841, considered barbarous together with Hodgson’s specific coinings, all given the exclamation marks of disapproval.” (JAJ 2023).

(Rhipiduridae; Ϯ Drongo Fantail C. papuensis) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long hair; ῥυγχος rhunkhos bill; "Rictal bristles very long, projecting beyond the tip of the bill." (Vaurie 1949); "Chaetorhynchus n. g. ... Nasenlöcher seitlich, rund und zum Theil von den Nasenfedern, ganz von den Borsten überdeckt. Borsten an der Schnabelbasis sehr stark und lang, länger als der Schnabel. ... Diese neue Gattung schliesst sich der Gattung Dicrurus an, unterscheidet sich jedoch von ihr durch den Schnabelbau, welcher ein ausgesprochen Lanius-artiger ist, durch die sehr bedeutende Länge der Schnabelborsten und durch die Form des nicht gabeligen Schwanzes. Chaetorhynchus papuensis n. sp." (Meyer 1874); "Chaetorhynchus Meyer, 1874, Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien math.-naturwiss. Kl., 69 (1), p. 493. Type, by monotypy, Chaetorhynchus papuensis Meyer," (Vaurie in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 137). The Drongo Fantail is here treated as a distinctive bird allied to Lamproliaand Rhipidura, but, because of its disputed relationships in the past, it has been variously known as Pygmy Drongo, Bristle Monarch, Bristled Fantail,or Papuan Silktail. It may warrant separation in a monogeneric family (Chaetorhynchidae), or inclusion, with Lamprolia and Eutrichomyias, in Lamproliidae.

(Locustellidae; syn. SchoenicolaϮ Bristled GrassbirdS. striatus) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long hair; ορνις ornis, ορνιθοςornithos bird; "Characterized by having unfeathered lores with five very strong rictal bristles arranged in a vertical row in front of the eye ... These five bristles are set in a loose moveable flap of skin so that they move backwards and forwards as on a hinge. When pressed back they cover the eyes completely with a grating and afford adequate protection to them while the bird is moving through heavy rough-edged grass" (Ali & Ripley,8, 1973); "CHÆTORNIS. Bill moderate and strong, with the culmen arched, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated; the gonys short and ascending;the gape furnished with four or five strong bristles; the nostrils basal, and placed in a membranous groove, which is partly clothed with plumes, with the opening oval and exposed.Wings rather short, and rounded; with the first quill half the length of the third; the second nearly as long as the three next, which are equal and longest.Tail lengthened, broad, and rounded.Tarsi rather shorter than the middle toe, strong, and covered with an almost entire scale in front.Toes lengthened and slender; the outer toe shorter than the inner, and slightly united at the base;the hind toe long, strong, and armed with a long, nearly straight, and acute claw. The species that compose this genus are found in India. 1. C. striata (Jerd.) Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 1841. p. 198. —Dasyornis locustelloïdes Blyth. |2. C. collurioceps(Blyth), Journ. A. S. B. 1842. p. 603." (G. R. Gray 1848);"Chaetornis G. R. Gray, 1848, Gen. Birds, 1, p. [167], pl. 48, fig. 9 [head]. Type, by original designation, Megalurus? striatus Jerdon." (Watson in Peters, XI, p. 48).

(Apodidae; Ϯ Chimney Swift C. pelagica) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; ουρα oura tail; "GENUS XLI.—CHÆTURA mihi. Beak with the lower mandible straight at the tip. Wings very long. Tail very short; its feathers subulated and acute at the tip. HIRUNDO Auctorum.—CYPSELUS, pars. Temm. Sp. 1. Ch. pelasgia. Hirundo pelasgia. Steph. v. x. 128.—North America. Sp. 2. Ch. Martinicana. Hirunda acuta. Steph. v. x. 131. pl. 15.—West Indies. Sp. 3. Ch. pacifica. Hirundo pacifica. Steph. v. x. 132.—New Holland. Sp. 4. Ch. australis. Hirundo caudacuta. Steph. v. x. 133.—New South Wales. Sp. 5. Ch. fusca. Hirundo fusca. Steph. v. x. 133.——? Sp. 6. Ch. collaris. ... INHABITS Brazil." (Stephens 1826); "Chætura Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool., 13, pt. 2, 1826, p. 76. Type, by subsequent designation, Chaetura pelasgia Stevens [sic] = Hirundo pelagica Linné. (Swainson, Zool. Illustr. (2), 1, 1829, text to pl. 42.)" (Peters, 1940, IV, p. 235).
Var. Chatura, Chaturae.
Synon. Acanthura, Acanthylis, Acanthyllis, Pelasgia, Uranteris.
● (Apodidae; syn. Hirundapus † White-throated Needletail H. caudacutus) “Chætura, Stevens [sic]. (fig. 292. b) Feet as in the last [Macropteryx], but the tarsus longer than the middle toe. Tail short, even; the shafts prolonged into acute points. C. macroptera. Zool. Ill. ii. pl. 42.” (Swainson 1837); “Chaetura “Stevens” Swainson, 1837, Nat. Hist. Classification Birds, II, p. 340 (not of Stephens, 1826). Type, by monotypy, Chaetura macroptera Swainson, 1829 = Hirundo caudacuta Latham, 1801.” (JAJ 2023).

(Apodidae;syn. Cypseloides Ϯ Chestnut-collared Swift C. rutilus) Dim. < genus Chaetura Stephens, 1826, swift; "The two species with rufous collared males and spine-tipped tails differ appreciably from Cypseloides in the length of the tail, and I separate these as a new genus CHÆTURELLUS, naming Hirundo rutula Vieillot as type Chæturellus rutilus. Previous to Hartert's reference of these to Cypseloides they had been classed in Chætura, and this indicates the nature of the tail. It is quite intermediate between the two genera, while the coloration is unique." (Mathews 1918); "Chaeturellus Mathews, 1918, Birds of Australia, VII (3), p. 267. Type, by original designation, Hirundo rutula, i.e. Hirundo rutila Vieillot, 1817." (JAJ 2021).

(Charadriidae; syn. Vanellus † Sociable Plover V. gregarius) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; “*Chaetusia — (V. Chetusia Bonap.) Aves.” (Agassiz, 1846, Nomenclatoris Zoologici Index Universalis, p. 219); "Genus Chaetusia [Chettusia (!)] Bp. 1839." (Heine and Reichenow, 1890, Nomencl. Musei Heineani Ornith., p. 334). New name for Chettusia Bonaparte, 1841, considered barbarous. The authors were clearly unaware of the etymology of Bonaparte's generic name (although they would have probably treated its vernacular root as even more barbarous!)" (JAJ 2020).
Var. Choetusia.

(Muscicapidae; syn. Niltava † Rufous-bellied Niltava N. sundara) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; ῥις rhis, ῥινος rhinos nostrils; "19-20. Saxicolinæ? Chaitaris (χαιτη etρις) Miltava [sic] Dimorpha (δι etμορφη) Siphia India Review, March 1837." (Hodgson 1841); "Chaitaris Hodgson, 1841, Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, X (1), (no. 109), p. 29. Classical replacement name for Niltava Hodgson, a local substantive name considered inappropriate by some." (JAJ 2020) (seeAlcopus and Chaetorhis).
Var. Chaiatris,Chaitairis.

(Anatidae; syn. Chenonetta † Maned Duck / Australian Wood Duck C. jubata) Gr. χαιτη khaitē long flowing hair; νησσα nēssa duck; “Bernicla STEPHENS. Der australische, hierher gestellte Vogel sollte einen neuen Gattungsnamen erhalten, da er mit wahren Bernakelgänsen weder im Bau noch in der Lebensweise übereinstimmt. — Ich schlage vor: “Chaitenessa.” R. 541. B. jubata GOULD VII. 3.—unsre Nr. 315, Abb. t. LVII. 944—45 CCLXXXVI. 2352—53.” (Reichenbach 1849); “Chaitenessa Reichenbach, 1849, Vögel Neuhollands, p. 343 (Uebersicht). Type, by monotypy, B. jubata Gould, i.e. Anas jubata Latham, 1801.” (JAJ 14/9/2023).

(Anhimidae; syn. Chauna † Southern Screamer C. torquata) Güaraní names Chaghâ or Chahâ for the Southern Screamer; "Chaja; haut voll Luftzellen (wie Chauna), ohne ein Stirnhorn, aufm. hinterkopf Federbusch, Kopf ganz befiedert ... 1. Art. Chaja torquata ... Geschrei sehr laut, wie Name." (Oken 1816); "Chaja Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 3, (2), p. "939" (= 639), 1816—type, by monotypy, Chaja torquata Oken." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (2), p. 280).

Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; αυχενιοςaukhenios of the neck < αυχην aukhēn,αυχενος aukhenos neck.
● ex “Paloma parda tapadas roxas” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 320 (syn.Leptotila verreauxi chlorauchenia).

Gr. χαλκεος khalkeos brazen, bronze < χαλκος khalkos copper.

Gr.χαλκις khalkis,χαλκιδος khalkidos rapacious but unidentified night bird (syn. Accipiter badius).

Gr. χαλκιτης khalkitēs containing copper, coppery < χαλκοςkhalkos copper.

(Cuculidae; Ϯ Shining Bronze Cuckoo C. lucidus plagosus) Specific name Cuculus chalcitesTemminck, 1821; "6.^e Race. Les CHALCITES;Chalcites. Bec court, mince, grêle; narines ouvertes, arrondies, basales; tarses emplumés jusqu'à moitié, courts, scutellés; les ailes s'entendant jusqu'à la moitié de la queue, qui est arrondie; les plumes métallisées en cuivre doré. 15. COUCOU DIDRIC; Cuculus auratus, Gm. ... 16. COUCOU DE KLAAS; Cuculus Klasii, Cuv. ... 17. COUCOUÉCLATANT; Cuculus lucidus, Lath. ... 18. COUCOU CHALCITE; Cuculus chalcites, Illig. Temm., pl. col., 102, fig. 2 (femelle). ... 19. COUCOU CUIVRÉ; Cuculus cupræus, Lath." (Lesson 1830); "Chalcites Lesson, Traité d'Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 152. Type, by tautonymy, Cuculus chalcites Illiger, i.e. Lichtenstein, 1818 (Temminck, Pl. col., livr. 17, 1821, pl. 102, f. 2) = Cuculus plagosus Latham." (Peters, 1940, IV, p. 30).
Var. Chalcides.
Synon. Chalcococcyx, Heterococcyx, Lamprococcys, Lampromorpha, Misocalius, Neochalcites, Owenavis,Thelazomenus.
●(Cuculidae; quasi-syn. Chalcites † Black-eared Cuckoo C. osculans) "44. CHALCITES, Less. — 195. osculans, Gould. (palliolatus?Lath.) — 196. basalis, Horsf. (chalcites, Ill.) — 197. lucidus, Gm. (metallicus, Gould.) ... 46. LAMPROMORPHA, Vig. — 203. plagosus, Lath. (metallicus, Vieill." (Bonaparte 1854); "Chalcites "Less." Bonaparte, 1854, Conspectus Volucrum Zygodactylorum, p. 7 (not of Lesson, 1830). Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 96), Chalcites osculans Gould, 1847." (JAJ 2021) (see Misocalius).

(Alcedinidae; syn. Chloroceryle † Amazon Kingfisher C. amazona) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; genus Chloroceryle Kaup, 1848, kingfisher (JG; see Manuscript-names).

(Cuculidae;syn. Chalcites Ϯ Violet Cuckoo C. xanthorhynchus) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; κοκκυξ kokkux,κοκκυγος kokkugos cuckoo; "Gen. CHALCOCOCCYX *) nov. gen. —Amethyst-Kuckuk. 12.—1. C. xanthorhynchus Nob. Cuculus xanthorhynchus Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 179. 7.— Id. Z. Research. Jav. t. 59.— Blyth Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1842. p. 919. 15.— Müll. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Land- & Volkenk. p. 234. not. 6. 3.— Gray Gen. B. II. 463. 26.—Lampromorpha amethystina Vig. Proc. Z. Soc. 1831. p. 98. ... *) Von χαλκος (Stahl) undκοκκυξ (Kuckuk) gebildet zeichnet sich diese neue Gattung ausser durch die verschiedene Färbung des Gefieders vor Allen durch den auffallend breiten und starken Schnabel aus, welcher sie eigentlich näher zu den Gold- als zu den Glanz-kuckuken weist."(Cabanis & Heine 1862); "Chalcococcyx Cabanis and Heine, 1862, Museum Heineanum, IV (I), p. 15. Type, by monotypy, Cuculus xanthorhynchus Horsfield, 1821." (JAJ 2019).

(Phasianidae; syn. Lophura † Salvadori's Pheasant L. inornata) Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper, bronze (cf. genus Chalcurus Bonaparte, 1856, peacock pheasant); genus Acomus Reichenbach, 1852, pheasant (cf. κομη komē hair); "Chalcocomus, gen. nov. Type and only species.— Acomus inornatus Salvadori. Similar to Houppifer Gúerin-Méneville (type Phasianus erythropthalmus Raffles), but the bare skin on the sides of head more restricted and not produced into an erectile flap in front; upper tail-coverts extending nearer to the tip of the tail; wing tip shorter; feet slenderer; middle toe and claw proportionally longer. Coloration quite distinct; males entirely black with metallic purplish blue tips to the feathers of the upperparts and chest; females chestnut with tawny-olive or buffy brown centers to the feathers. Confined to the island of Sumatra." (Riley 1934); "Chalcocomus Riley, 1934, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 47, p. 115. Type, by original designation, Acomus inornatus Salvadori, 1879." (JAJ 2021).

Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper; μελας melas, μελανοςmelanos black.

(Nectariniidae; Ϯ Amethyst Sunbird C. amethystina) Gr. χαλκομιτρος khalkomitros wearing a bronze head-band < χαλκος khalkos bronze; μιτρα mitra diadem; "CLIII. Chalcomitra RCHB. Nat. Syst. t. suppl.— Schnabel länger als Kopf, etwas stark, ziemlich stark gebogen, am Grunde etwas breiter als hoch, Firste kielartig, Seiten unter rechtem Winkel flach abfallend, Nasengrube vom Grunde ausgehend, kurz parabolisch, Deckhaut mit feiner, schiefliegender, nach dem Grunde ein wenig höher stehender, gerader Ritze,über die ganze Vorderhälfte des Schnabels sind die Seiten etwas zusammengedrückt und spitzewärts an beiden Schneiden eingezogen, Spitze fein, gerade ausgestreckt, Laden wenig sichtbar, Kinn kaum vortretend, Dille kaum länger als breit, ihr Vorderwinkel gerundet, Flügel lang, erste Schwinge kaumüber ein Drittel so lang als zweite, dritte und die vierte längste wenig zunehmend, folgende abnehmend, Lauf etwa anderthalbmal so lang als Mittelzehe, diese ohne Nagel mit dem Laufe zusammen fast so lang als Schnabel.—Gefieder sehr dunkel, Oberkopf metallglänzend, Kehle hochroth oder auch metallglänzend. Weibchen und Junge düster gefärbt, im Uebergangskleide unterseits gefleckt oder gesperbert. —Im heißen Afrika. 641. Ch. amethystina (Certhia —SHAW.) RCHB. t. DLXVII 3861—62. M. 3863. W. ... †642. Ch. gutturalis (Certhia— LATH.) ... *643. Ch. senegalensis (Certhia— L. GM. 477. 14.) RCHB. t. DLXVII. 3866—67. ... *644. Ch. natalensis (Cinnyris— JARD. Sun-Birds 193. et 256. pl. 12) RCHB. t. DLXXI. 3893., t. DCVII.=DLXII.b. 4077. ... *645. Ch. cruentata (Nectarinia— RÜPPEL'S Syst. Uebers. 26. t. 9) RCHB. t. DLXVII. 3864—65. ... 646. Ch. Adelberti(Nectarinia— JARD. ill. n. ser. p. XLIX.) RCHB. t. DLXVIII. 3876—77. ... 647. Ch. Stangeri(Nectarinia— JARD. SELBY.) RCHB. t. DLXVIII. 3875. ... 648. Ch. venusta (Certhia— SHAW N. misc. pl. 369.) RCHB. t. DLXIX. 3884. ... 649. Ch. pusilla (Cinnyris— us VIEILL.) RCHB. t. DLXVIII. 3871—72." (Reichenbach 1853); "Chalcomitra Reichenbach, 1854 [= 1853], Handb. spec. Orn., Icon. Synops. Avium, Scansoriae, p. 277. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, p. 137), Certhia amethystina Shaw." (Rand in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 223).
Synon. Aidemonia, Baptothorax, Carmelita, Cirrothorax.

Gr. χαλκονωτος khalkonōtos bronze-backed < χαλκος khalkos bronze; -νωτος -nōtos -backed <νωτον nōton back.

(Nectariniidae; Ϯ Ruby-cheeked Sunbird C. singalensis) Gr. χαλκοπαρῃος khalkoparēios with cheeks of bronze < χαλκος khalkos bronze; παρεια pareia cheek.; "Subfam. PTILOTURINÆ. *) Schweif-Honigsauger. ... *) Charakteristisch für diese Unterabtheilung ist der mehr oder weniger verlängerte, stets stufige Schwanz. Hierher gehören ferner die Gattungen:Chalcoparia nov. gen. Von χαλκοπαρειος, mit ehernen Wangen. Schnabel ziemlich kurz und gerade,ähnlich dem von Anthothreptes, der Schwanz hingegen stufig. Typus: Ch. cingalensis. —Sylvia cingalensis Lath; Nectarinia phaenicotis Temm." (Cabanis 1853); "Chalcoparia Cabanis in Cabanis and Heine, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 103. Type, by original designation, Sylvia cingalensis Lath. = Motacilla singalensis Gmelin, 1788." (JAJ 2020) (seeChalcostetha).
Var. Chalcopareia, Chalcophora.
Synon. Anthothreptus.

(Columbidae; syn. Turtur † Blue-spotted Wood Dove T. afer) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; πελεια peleia dove; “*LIII. Chalcopeleia (Chalcopelia BP.) RCHB. *) Metallfleckentaube. … *183. Ch. afra (Col. — L. GM. 786. 31.) BP. RCHB. … *184. Ch. chalcospilos (Col. — WAGL. sp. 83.) BP. RCHB. … 185. Ch. puella (Peristera — SCHLEGEL” (Reichenbach 1862); “Chalcopeleia Reichenbach, 1862, Die vollständigste Naturgeschichte der Tauben und taubenartigen Vögel, p. 78. New name for Chalcopelia Bonaparte, 1855, considered incorrectly transliterated from the Greek.” (JAJ 8/8/2024).

(Columbidae; syn. Turtur † Blue-spotted Wood Dove T. afer) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; πελεια peleia dove; "59. Chalcopelia, Bp. 1854. (Peristera, part. Boie 1837. Hartl. 1854. nec Sw. 1827.) Remiges conformes: cauda mediocris truncata. As. Afr. Oc. 3. 1. COLUMBA afra, L. (chalcospilos var. Wagl. - Turtur senegalensis, Briss.-chalcospilos, Sw. ... 2. COLUMBA AFRA, var. Temm. (chalcospilos, Wagl. - Peristera afra, Licht. - chalcospilos, Gr. nec Rüpp.) ... 3. COLUMBA puella, Schleg. nec. Less. hinc pulchella! nec Temm. (Peristera puella, Schleg. - Chalcopelia puella, Bp.)" (Bonaparte 1855); "Chalcopelia Bonaparte, 1855, Conspectus Generum Avium, II (I), p. 67. Type, by subsequent designation (Bonaparte, 1855, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, XL (1), p. 19), Columba afra Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Chalcoptera.

Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper; πεπλος peplos robe, cloak.

●(Galbulidae; syn. Galbula † Paradise Jacamar G. dea) Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper, the first ore; φανης Phanēs, φανητος Phanētos divinity representing the first principle of life, the light of the earth; "Die noch ungenügend bekannte Gattung Dendrexetastes zeigt die Mittelschwanzfedern über die übrigen Steuerfedern lang herausstehend, ein Charakter, welcher uns unter den Eisvögeln bei Tanysiptera, unter den Bienenfressern bei Phlothrus, unter den Galbulinae bei Chalcophanes paradiseus *), unter den Synallactinae in eigenthümlicher Weise, d. h. bei sehr gesteigertem Schwanze in der Gattung Schizura, Synallaxis und Leptasthenura wieder begegnete. ... *) Galbula paradisea p. 87. — Der Name von ὁ φανης, ein Gottheit, Idee des Urstoffs der Welt, des Lichtes, und ὁ χαλκος, Erz." (Reichenbach 1853); "Chalcophanes Reichenbach, 1853, Icones ad Synopsin Avium. Cont. X. Scansoriae. A. Sittinae, p. 196 (not of Wagler, 1827). Type, by monotypy, Galbula paradisea, i.e. Alcedo paradisea Linnaeus, 1766 = Alcedo dea Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
●(Icteridae; syn. Quiscalus † Common Grackle Q. quiscula) Gr. χαλκοφανης khalkophanēs having the appearance of copper < χαλκος khalkos copper; φαινω phainō to display; "Je propose de classer les Quiscales (Chalcophanes) en un genre distinct, où viendront se grouper les espèces suivantes: Chalcophanes magnus, espèce inédite, toujours confondue avec Gracula quiscala des méthodes; - Chalcophanes palliatus, espèce inédite; - Gracula quiscala de Lath.; -Gracula barita du même auteur; - Oriolus ferrugineus de Lath., le même que Gracula ferruginea de Wilson" (Temminck 1825); "3. Gracula Quiscala Gmel., Lath. (exclusa varietate β.) Vide: Chalcoph. Quisc. 4. Gracula Barita Lath. Synops. 2. p. 460. t. 18. Vide: Chalcophan. Barit. Nota. Gracula Barita Linnaei (Syst. Nat. 1. p. 165. n. 4), Lathamii (Ind. p. 191. n. 6.) et Gmelini (Syst. Nat. p. 396. n. 4.) "corpore subgriseo, humeris coeruleis, remigibus extus viridibus" quid sit, nescio. Linnaeus et secundum eum auctores nominati citant Brissonii Icterum nigrum (Ornith. 2. p. 103.) et Sloanii figuram pessimam in operis ejus tabula 257 expressam, sed haec, sicut Brissonii Jcterus, spectat ad Chalcophanem virescentem. (Quaere in generis Orioli expositione numerum 10.)" (Wagler 1827); "Chalcophanes Wagler, Syst. Av., 1, fol. 20, Gen. Gracula, spec. 3, 4, 1827—type, by subs. desig. (Sclater, Ibis, 1884, p. 153), Quiscalus versicolor Vieillot = Gracula quiscula Linnaeus." (Hellmayr, 1937, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. X, p. 74).
Var. Chalcophanus.

(Columbidae; ϮBrown-cappedEmerald Dove C. longirostris) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; φαψ phaps,φαβος phabos pigeon; "CHALCOPHAPS CHRYSOCHLORA. Little Green Pigeon. ... centre of the back, wing-coverts and outer webs of the tertiaries shining greenish copper-colour" (Gould 1843); "Chalcophaps Gould, Bds. Austr., pt. 13, 1843, pl. [8] (= 5, pl. 62 of bound vol.) Type, by monotypy, Columba chrysochlora Wagler." (Peters, 1937, III, p. 114); "190. Chalcophaps longirostris ... Race rogersi previously listed as "chrysochlora", but this name apparently based on several different forms of Chalcophaps and lectotypification excludes its application to Australasian populations." (del Hoyo and Collar (eds.), 2014, HBW Illustrated Checklist, 1, Non-passerines, p. 188).
Synon. Monornis, Peristera.

(Phasianidae; syn. Lophophorus † Sclater's Monal L. sclateri) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; Mod. L. phasis pheasant < Med. L. phasis avis pheasant; "LOPHOPHORUS SCLATERI. SCLATER'S MONAL. ... Sclater's Lophophorus cannot be said to be very graceful; the body is thick and heavy, and the legs short; the head is also large for the size of the bird, causing it to present a rather stupid appearance, quite different from the game-like heads of the other members of this family, and even of those to which it is nearest allied. From its not possessing the lengthened crest which is so characteristic and elegant an appendage to the other two species of the genus, and also from the peculiar bronze hue of the back, I have deemed it best to include this one in a separate subgeneric division, under the appelation of Chalcophasis, or Bronze Pheasant." (Elliot 1871) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Chalcophasis Elliot, 1871, Monograph Phasianidae, I, text to pl. xx. Type, by monotypy, Lophophorus sclateri Jerdon, 1870." (JAJ 2021).

Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper; οφθαλμικος ophthalmikos of the eye < οφθαλμος ophthalmos eye.

(Sturnidae;syn. Lamprotornis Ϯ Burchell's Glossy Starling L. australis) Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper; ψαρ psar,ψαροςpsaros starling; "f⁶. Wing longer than tail; a distinct shoulder-patch of coppery bronze . . . . . . 26. CHALCOPSAR, p. 158. ... 26. CHALCOPSAR. Megalopterus, Smith, Rep. S. Afr. Exped., App. p. 52 (1836, nec Boie, 1826) Type. L. australis. Range. Confined to South Africa. 1. Chalcopsar australis. ... Adult male. Glossy steel-green with blue reflexions; hind neck rich purple; lower back and rump violet-purple; upper tail-coverts steel-blue with purple ends; wings externally steel-green, the secondaries bluish or purple with green margins; the inner lesser wing-coverts coppery bronze washed with purple, forming a shoulder-spot; tail-feathers purple with violet or green reflexions; lores velvety black; feathers under the eye also blackish; ear-coverts violet with a coppery bronze gloss, the feathers rather frizzled; cheeks, throat, and under surface of body glossy steel-green; centre of breast and abdomen reddish purple with a coppery bronze gloss; sides of body glossy purplish blue" (Sharpe 1890); "Chalcopsar Sharpe, 1890, Cat. Birds British Museum, XIII, pp. 25,158. New name for Megalopterus A. Smith, 1836, not of Boie, 1826." (JAJ 2021).

(Psittaculidae; Ϯ Black Lory C. atra) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; Mod. L. psitta parrot < Gr. ψιττακη psittakēorψιττακος psittakos parrot; "Un nouveau genre, Chalcopsitta, formé pour rassembler trois Oiseaux, arbitrairement placés jusqu'ici parmi les Platycerci et les Eos, rallie les Trichoglossus avec les Eos, qui sont presque, sinon toutà fait, des Loriens. Ces trois espèces sont des Moluques. 1º Le Psittacus Novæ Guineæ, Gm. (Platycercus ater, Go.), 2º Psittacus scintillans, Wagl. (Eos scintillata, Gr.), et 3º une nouvelle desîles Barabay et Guebe, rapportée par les intrépides navigateurs français, et dont le type doit se trouver dans le Musée du Jardin des Plantes; ce sera:Chalcopsitta rubiginosa, Bonap. D'un rouge marron (teinte inusitée et peut-être unique parmi les Perroquets),à reflets cuivrés. ... La grandeur de ce curieux Psittacide est celle d'une Grive." (Bonaparte 1850); "Chalcopsitta Bonaparte, 1850, Comptes RendusAcad. Sci. Paris, XXX, p. 134. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 86), Psittacus ater Scopoli, 1786." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Cardeos, Chalcopsittacus, Moniapura, Pseudeos.

(Psittacidae; syn. Chalcopsitta † Black Lory C. atra) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; ψιττακος psittakos parrot; “FAM. 6. Trichoglossini … Chalcopsittacus Bp. (rubiginosus; ater).” (Sundevall 1872); “Sp. 90. Chalcopsittacus chloropterus, nov. sp. Chalcopsittacus C. scintillato (Temm.) simillimus, sed tectricibus alarum inferioribus viridibus, et remigibus intus fuscis, fere unicoloribus, vix basin versus flavicantibus.” (Salvadori, 1876, Annali Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova, IX, p. 15); “Chalcopsittacus Sundevall, 1872, Methodi Naturalis Avium Dispon. Tentamen, p. 72. New name for Chalcopsitta Bonaparte, 1850, considered grammatically incorrect and unacceptable.” (JAJ 2023).

Gr. χαλκοπτερος khalkopteros bronze-winged < χαλκοςkhalkos bronze; -πτερος-pteros -winged < πτερονpteron wing.
● ex “Bronze-winged Pigeon” of Phillip 1789 (Phaps).

(Columbidae; syn. Turtur † Tambourine Dove T. tympanistria) Gr. χαλκοπτερος khalkopteros with wings of metallic hue, bronze-winged < χαλκος khalkos bronze; πτερον pteron wing; perhaps a lapsus for Chalcopelia Bonaparte, 1855; "26. CHALCOPTERA TYMPANISTRIA (Temm.). Peristera tympanistria, Finsch & Hartl. Vög. Ost-Afr. p. 558 (1870); Hartl. Vög. Madag. p. 271." (Shelley 1880); "Chalcoptera Shelley, 1880, Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1879), p. 678. Type, by monotypy, Columba tympanistria Temminck, 1809." (JAJ 2021).

Gr. χαλκοπτερος khalkopteros with wings of metallic hue, bronze-winged < χαλκοςkhalkos bronze, copper; -πτερος-pteros -winged < πτερονpteron wing.

(Glareolidae; syn. Rhinoptilus † Bronze-winged Courser R. chalcopterus) Gr. χαλκοπτερος khalkopteros bronze-winged < χαλκοςkhalkos bronze; -πτερος-pteros -winged < πτερονpteron wing (cf. specific name Cursorius chalcopterus Temminck, 1824); "Genera et Species typicae. ... 3. Chalcopterus RCHB. Temminckii (Curs. chalcopterus T.) R. Ic. Av. t. 365b. ic. 3543. t. 375. ic. 3131—32." (Reichenbach 1853); "Chalcopterus Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturale, p. XXX. Type, by original designation, Chalcopterus temminckii Reichenbach, 1853 =Cursorius chalcopterus Temminck, 1824." (JAJ 2020).
Var. Chalopterus.

Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; σπιλος spilos spot.

(Nectariniidae;syn. LeptocomaϮ Copper-throated Sunbird L. calcostetha) Gr. χαλκος khalkos copper, bronze; στηθος stēthos breast; "Subfam. PTILOTURINÆ. *) Schweif-Honigsauger. ... *) ...Chalcostetha nov. gen. Von χαλκοστηθος, mit eherner Brust. Schnabel gebogener als in vorhergehender Gruppe [Chalcoparia]; Schwanz stufig, ohne merklich verlängerte Mittelfedern. 1. Ch. pectoralis. —Nectarinia pectoralis Temm. (nec. Horsf.); Nect. chalcostetha Jard. —2. Ch. aspasia. —Cinnyris aspasia Less.; Cinnyris sericea Less." (Cabanis 1853); "Chalcostetha Cabanis, 1853, Museum Heineanum, I, p. 103. Type, by tautonymy, Nect. chalcostetha Jard., i.e. Nectarinia calcostetha Jardine, 1843." (JAJ 2022)(see Chalcoparia).
Var. Chalcostellia, Chalcostheta.

(Trochilidae; Ϯ Bronze-tailed Thornbill C. heteropogon) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze, copper; στιγμα stigma, στιγματοςstigmatos mark < στιζω stizō to tattoo. "Dessus d'un vertémeraudeà reflets un peu cuivreux, avec les couvertures supérieures de la queue d'un cuivreux rouge ... queue fourchue, large, d'un vert sombreà reflets cuivreux" (Boissoneau 1839); "*Rhamphomicron ... *γ. Chalcostigma heteropogon (Orn. —BOISSON. 1839.) BP. —St. Fé de Bog. * ——Stanleyi (Tr. —BOURC. 1850.) BP. —Pichincha. * ——Herrani (Tr. —BOURC. & DELATTRE 1846.) GOULD. —Ecuador. * ——ruficeps (Tr. —GOULD 1846.) GOULD. —Bolivia. ——Vulcani (Tr. —GOULD 1849.) GOULD —Bolivia." (Reichenbach 1854); "Rhamphomicron γ Chalcostigma Reichenbach, Journ. f. Orn., 1, 1854, Beil. zu Extrah., p. 12. Type, by subsequent designation, Ornismya heteropogon Boissoneau. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., 1855, p. 141.)" (Peters, 1945, V, p. 121). Recentauthors suggest that this genusshould be subsumed in Oxypogon.
Synon. Chloropogon, Eupogonus, Lampropogon, Selatopogon.

Gr. χαλκοθωραξ khalkothōrax,χαλκοθωρακος khalkothōrakos with brazen breastplate < χαλκος khalkos bronze; θωραξ thōrax,θωρακος thōrakos breastplate, cuirass.

(Thraupidae; † Golden-naped Tanager C. ruficervix) Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; θραυπις thraupis unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch. In ornithology thraupis signifies tanager; "1. l'élégante Calliste nigro-viridis, Lafr., dont le bec très-court pourrait lui mériter un petit genre à part, mais dont le plumage se rapproche de quelques autres espèces noires et bleues, qui constituent pour nous le petit genre CHALCOTHRAUPIS. 2. La vraie Chalcothraupis, si semblableà Procnopis atrocœrulea de Tschudi, qui n'en diffère que par sa tache nuchale d'un jaune paille, Tanagra ruficervix de Florent Prévost." (Bonaparte 1851); "Chalcothraupis Bonaparte, 1851, Rev. Mag. Zool., sér.. 2, III, p. 131. Type, by monotypy, Tanagra ruficervix Prévost and des Murs, 1846." (JAJ 2021). P. Sclater, 1886, Cat. Birds British Museum, XI, p. 95, lists Calliste labradorides as the type of Chalcothraupis Bonaparte, 1851, but that is an excluded form.

Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; -ωτις -ōtis -eared < ους ous,ωτοςōtos ear.

Gr. χαλκος khalkos bronze; -ουρος -ouros -tailed < ουρα oura tail.

(Phasianidae;syn. Polyplectron Ϯ Bronze-tailed Peacock Pheasant P. chalcurum) Specific name Polyplectrum chalcurum Lesson, 1831; "b. Polyplectroneæ. ... *1864. Chalcurus, Bp." (Bonaparte 1854);"1744. CHALCURUS, Pr. B. 1854. (Polyplectron chalcurum, Temm.)" (G. Gray 1855); "31. Chalcurus, Bp. 78. inocellatus, Cuv. (P. chalcurum, Temm. napoleonis, fæm.! Reich.)" (Bonaparte 1856); "Chalcurus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 42, 1856, p. 878. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Polyplectrum inocellatus Cuvier = Polyplectrum chalcurum Lesson. (Chalcurus is a nomen nudum in Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (4), 1, 1854, p.146.)" (Peters, 1934, II, p. 130).

Gr. χαλεπος khalepos difficult, troublesome.

Local Aragonese name Chóliba for the European Scops Owl; ex “Chóliba” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 48: “Al presente aplico el de Chóliba, porque asi llamaban en mi pais siendo yo muchacho á un páxaro de la familia, que segun quiero acordarme era muy cercano á éste” (Megascops).

(Paradisaeidae; syn. Manucodia † Crinkle-collared Manucode M. chalybata) French name Calybé de la Nouvelle Guinée given to the Crinkle-collared Manucode by d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 634; "LES CALYBÉS (CHALYBÆUS. Cuv.) Ont le bec de même forme, mais un peu moins gros à sa base que les cassicans, et les narines percées dans un large espace membraneux. Ceux que l'on connaît viennent de la Nouvelle-Guinée et sont remarquables par de belles teintes d'acier bruni. Le Calybé de Paradis. (C. paradisæus. Cuv.) Paradisæa viridis. Gmel. Enl. 634. A ses plumes de la tête et du cou comme du velours frisé, ce qui, joint à l'éclat de ses reflets, l'a fait placer parmi les oiseaux de Paradis" (Cuvier 1829); "Chalybaeus Cuvier, 1829, Règne Animal, éd. 2, I, p. 354. Type, by monotypy, Chalybaeus paradisaeus Cuvier, 1829 = Paradisea chalybata Pennant, 1781." (JAJ 2022).
Var. Chalibaeus, Chalybaea, Calibaeus.

L. chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely < χαλυψkhalups, χαλυβοςkhalubos steel.
● ex “Ardeola” of Marcgrave 1648, “Crabier du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Crabier chalybé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Butorides striata).
● ex “Troisième Grimpereau de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Leptocoma sperata).
● ex “Calybé de la Nouvelle Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 634, and “Blue-green Paradise-bird” of Latham 1783 (syn. Manucodia chalybata).
● ex “Hirondelle de Cayenne” of Brisson 1760, and d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 545, fig. 2, and “Chalybeate Swallow” of Latham 1783 (Progne).

Gr. καλιδρις kalidris or σκαλιδρις skalidris speckled, grey-coloured waterside bird mentioned by Aristotle, not further identified, but later conjectured to be a sandpiper or a wagtail.
● ex "Petite Maubèche grise" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris alba).
● "Der südliche Schlammläufer. Pelidna calidris, Br. (Tringa alpina, Linn.)" (Brehm 1831) (syn. Calidris alpina).
● ex “Rusticola sylvatica” of Gessner 1555, and Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and “Calidris” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris canutus).
● ex “Totanus” of Belon 1555, and Brisson 1760, “Calidris Bellonii” of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, and “Gallinula erythropus major” of Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, and Marsigli 1726 (syn. Tringa totanus).
● ex “American Nightingale” of Edwards 1750 (unident.; thought to be in Parulidae by some authors).

(Scolopacidae; † Red Knot C. canutus) Specific name Tringa calidris J. Gmelin, 1789 (= syn. Calidris canutus); "Knüffel, Calidris. Schnabel walzenförmig, gegen die Spitze hin dicker, glatt. Mittlere undäußere Zehe etwas verbunden. Tringa calidris, arenaria u.a." (Merrem 1804); "LES MAUBÈCHES. (CALIDRIS. Cuv.) (1) ...La grande Maubèche grise, Sandpiper et Canut, des Anglais. (Tringa grisea et Tr. Canutus. Gm.) Le plum. d'hiver, enl. 366. Edw. 276. ... (1) CALIDRIS, oiseau cendré et tacheté, fréquentant les rivières et les bois. Arist. Brisson l'applique à l'une des espèces de ce genre" (Cuvier 1816); "CalidrisAnonymous = Merrem, Allg. Lit. Zeitung, 2, no. 168, 8 June, 1804, col. 542. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa calidris Gmelin = Tringa canutus Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 280).
Var. Calidridris, Callidris,Callydris, Calydris, Chalidris, Scalidris.
Synon. Actia, Actodromas, Ancylocheilus, Anteliotringa, Aphriza, Arquatella, Canutus, Cinclus, Crocethia, Delopygia, Ereunetes, Erolia, Eurynorhynchus, Falcinellus, Hemipalama, Heteropoda, Heteropygia, Leimonites, Limicola, Limnocinclus, Machetes, Machophilus, Micropalama, Neopisobia, Pavia, Pavoncella, Pelidna, Philomachus, Pisobia, Platyrhamphus, Schoeniclus, Schoeniculus, Symphemia, Tryngites.
●(Scolopacidae; quasi-syn.Calidris† SanderlingC. alba) Specific name Charadrius calidris Linnaeus, 1766 (= syn. Calidris alba); "GENUS 89. CALIDRIS. Arenaria Meyer, Bechstein (Sandläufer Germ. Sanderling Angl.). Rostrum mediocre, tenue, rectum, teretiusculum, maxillae dertro paullulum incrassato, in apicem deflexo. Nares parvae, oblongo-ovales. Alae volatiles. Pedes grallarii, mediocres, cursorii, tridactyli, digitis ad basin usque fissis. Acropodia scutulata. Species: Charadrius Calidris Lin." (Illiger 1811); "Calidris ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 249. Type, by [tautonymy and] monotypy, Charadrius calidris LINNÆUS = Tringa leucophæa PALLAS [= Trynga alba Pallas]." (AOU Check-List, ed. 3, 1910, 118); ""Tringa leucophaea" Anonymous (in Vroeg's Cat. Rais. d'Ois., p. 32, 1764—northern coast of Holland) is not binomial." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 171, footnote).
Synon. Arenaria,Arenula, Crocethia.
●(?Scolopacidae; syn.?) "Sous famille. TRINGARIA. Les Tringacés. Bec non conformé en couteau. G. 1. Tringa L. 2. Charadrius L. 3. Bynamphus R. 4. Calidris R. 5. Cursorius Lath. 6. Hœmatopus L. 7. Himantopus R. 8. Ochropus R. 9. Hemondra R. 10. Vanellus R. 11. Ortigum. R. 12. Dactemia R. 13. Hydrosora R. 14. Oedinecmus R." (Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse de la Nature, p. 71).

Charles-Alexandre Comte de Challaye de La Valette(1816-1855) French Consul at Erzeroum, Turkey (syn. Tetraogallus caspius).

HMS Challenger, RN corvette on world circumnavigation, oceanographic and scientific expedition December 1872- May 1876 (‡subsp. Trichoglossus histrio).

L. chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely < χαλυψ khalups, χαλυβος khalubos steel.

Mod. L. chalybeatus chalybeate, impregnated with steel < L. chalybs, chalybis steel < Gr. χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel.
● ex “Calybé de la Nouvelle Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 634 (Manucodia).

Mod. L. chalybeatus chalybeate, impregnated with steel < L. chalybs, chalybis steel < Gr.χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel.
● ex “Moineau du Brésil” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 291, fig. 1 (Vidua).

L. chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely <χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel; cauda tail.

L. chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely <χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel; -ceps -headed < caput, capitis head.

L. chalybeius steely < Gr. χαλυβηιος khalubēios steely <χαλυψ khalups,χαλυβος khalubos steel.
● ex “Crabier du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Crabier chalybé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Butorides striatus).
● ex “Grimpereau à collier du Cap de Bonne Espérance” of Brisson 1760 (Cinnyris).

Gr. χαλυψ khalups, χαλυβος khalubos steel; -ουρος -ouros -tailed <ουρα oura tail.

(Trochilidae; Ϯ White-vented Plumeleteer C. buffonii) Gr. χαλυψ khalups, χαλυβος khalubos steel; ουρα oura tail; "*δ. Chalybura Buffonii (Orn. —LESS. 1832.) RCHB. —Bras. N.-Gran. Verag. *——viridis (Tr. —AUD. VIEILL. 1811.) RCHB. —Porto Rico. ——cyanea (Tr. —ura VIEILL. 1820?) RCHB. * ——Goudotii (Tr. —BOURC. 1844.) RCHB. —N.-Gran." (Reichenbach 1854);"Agyrtria δ Chalybura Reichenbach, Journ. f. Orn., 1, March, 1854, Beil zu Extrah., p. 10. Type, by subsequent designation, Trochilus buffonii Lesson. (Elliot, Classif. Syn. Trochil., 1879, p. 45.)"(Peters, 1945, V, p. 78). In Salvin, 1892, Cat. Birds British Mus., XVI, p. 87, sub nom. Hypuroptila, “Hylocharis δ. Chalybura, Reich. Aufz. d. Col. p. 10 (1854) . . . .Type. H. cæruleiventris.” is an error for “Hylocharis δ. Cyanochloris . . .”
Var. Chalibura.
Synon. Chlorurisca, Cyanochloris, Hypuroptila, Methon.

(Paradisaeidae; syn. Phonygammus † Trumpet Manucode P. keraudrenii hunsteini) Portmanteau of genera Chalybaeus Cuvier, 1829, manucode, and Phonygama, i.e. Phonygammus Lesson & Garnot, 1826, manucode; "Chalygama, gen.nov., differs from Phonygammus L. & G. in having a squarish tail and the eye-tufts more erect. Type, Phonygama hunsteini Sharpe." (Mathews, 1925); "Chalygama Mathews, 1925, Bull. British Ornith. Club, XLV (ccxcviii), p. 114. Type, by original designation, Phonygama hunsteini Sharpe, 1882." (JAJ 2021).

(Paradoxornithidae; Ϯ Wrentit C. fasciata) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; "Genus* CHAMÆA.† Bill short, tapering to the point, acute and compressed. Both mandibles entire, ridge of upper elevated, and curving nearly from the base; the depression for the nostrils large, oval, and exposed; the nostrils opening beneath a membrane in the depression. Wings very short and much rounded. Tail very long and graduated. Tarsus long. Chamæa fasciata, Nobis. Ground Tit. Parus fasciatus, nobis, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. 2, p. 265. This interesting bird, placed provisionally among the Titmice, I have now made the type of a new genus, not being able, as yet, to find a suitable place for it, among those already described. For several months before discovering the bird, I chased among the fields of dead mustard stalks, the weedy margins of streams, low thickets and bushy places, a continued, loud, crepitant, grating scold, which I took for some species of wren, but at last found to proceed from this Wren-Tit, if it might be so called. It is always difficult to be seen, and keeps in such places as I have described, close to the ground; eluding pursuit, by diving into the thickest bunches of weeds and tall grass, or tangled bushes, uttering its grating wren-like note whenever an approach is made towards it.... †Fromχαμαι, on the ground." (Gambel 1847);"Chamæa Gambel, 1847, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 3: 154. Type, by original designation, Parus fasciatus Gambel." (AOU Checklist, 7th ed., 1998, p. 514).
Var. Chamea.

(Grallariidae; syn. Grallaria † Imperial Antpitta G. imperator) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; βατης batēs walker < βατεω bateō to tread < βαινω bainō to walk; "Chamæbates rufiventris W. Bertoni (gen. n.) - Urú-í. (Del gr. chamai, en tierra, y batein, marchar, y del lat. rufus y venter, vientre rojizo)" (Bertoni 1901); "Chamaebates BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., 1901, p. 150 (type by monotypy, Chamaebates rufiventris BERTONI = Grallaria varia imperator LAFRESNAYE)." (Hellmayr, 1924, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. III, p. 333).

(Passerellidae; syn. Pipilo † Collared Towhee P. ocai) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; σπιζα spiza finch < σπιζω spizō to chirp; "CHAMÆOSPIZA TORQUATA (DuBus) ... Chamæospiza, gen. novum. ... The enormous size of the feet and length of the hind claw of thisbird render it easily distinguishable from any other of the American Ground-finches, and seem to necessitate its generic isolation. The plumage, moreover, is exactly that of the Buarremones!" (P. Sclater 1858); "Chamaeospiza P. Sclater, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, XXVI, p. 304. Type, by monotypy, Pipilo torquatus Dubus de Ghisignies, 1847 (not of de La Fresnaye and d’Orbigny, 1837) = Buarremon ocai Lawrence, 1865.” (JAJ 2022).

(Cracidae; Ϯ Sickle-winged Guan C. goudotii) Gr. χαμαιπετης khamaipetēs falling to the ground < χαμαι khamai on the ground;πιπτω piptō to fall down; "Like the Black Guan [C. unicolor] it inhabits primeval forest but has relatively longer legs and descends to earth more commonly ... Unlike the species ofPenelope, it feeds much on the ground, from which it is more apt to be flushed than from the trees" (Delacour & Amadon 1973); "Genus. Chamaepetes Wagl., Pava (Gen. nov.) Character Ortalidae; gula et mentum toto plumosa. Die Luftröhre gerade wie bey den Penelopen. Species: 1. Ch. Goudotii (Ortal. Goud. Less. l.c.)" (Wagler 1832); "Chamaepetes Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1227. Type, by monotypy, Ortalida goudotii Lesson." (Peters, 1834, II, p. 21).
Var. Chamapetes.

(Parulidae; syn. Geothlypis† Grey-crowned Yellowthroat G. poliocephala) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; θλυπις thlupis unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch or warbler. In ornithology thlypis signifies either a thin-billed tanager or, as in this case, a parulid warbler; "Usually keeps low, fairly skulking but sings and often calls from prominent perches" (Howell & Low 1995); "Bill very stout, decidedly deeper than broad, its greatest depth much more than half its length from nostril, the culmen strongly curved. (Subgenus Chamæthlypis RIDGW.⁴) ... ⁴ New subgenus. Type, Geothlypis poliocephala BAIRD." (Ridgway 1854); "Chamæthlypis Ridgway, 1887, Man. N. Amer. Birds, p. 225. Type, by original designation, Geothlypis poliocephala Baird." (AOU Checklist, 7th ed., 1998, p. 558).

(Muscicapidae;Ϯ Brown-chested Alethe C. poliocephala compsonota) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; τυλας tulas,τυλαδος tulados thrush; "A plump, upright, long-legged bird of the forest floor and low undergrowth" (Keithet al. (eds.) 1992); "Die Annahme einer ächten Geocichla in Africa scheint uns doch kaum zulässig, obgleich Cassin dieselbe mit Geocichla interpres Bp. (Turdus interpres Temm. Pl. col. 458) von den Sunda-Inseln vergleicht, wir möchlen desshalb für diese schöne Art lieber den Namen Chamaetylas compsonota (vonχαμαι = humi undτυλας = turdus) vorschlagen." (Heine 1860); "Chamaetylas Heine, 1859, Journ. f. Orn., 7, p. 425. Type, by monotypy, Geocichla compsonota Cassin" (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 61).
Synon. Pseudalethe.

(Formicariidae; Ϯ Short-tailed Ant-thrush C. campanisona) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground;ζαω zaō to live (cf.χαμαζη khamazē on the ground); "Uncommon to locally fairly common on or nearthe ground in humid and montane forest and mature secondary woodland" (Ridgely & Tudor 1994);"*CHAMÆZA. Rostrum subbreve, subforte, culmine leviter arcuato; naribus basalibus, oblongo-ovalibus, longitudinalibus, plumis parvulis obtectis. Alæ brevissimæ, rotundatæ; remige 1^ma brevi, 2^da et 7^ma, 3^ta et 6^taæqualibus, longissimis; pogoniis utrinque fere integris. Pedes subgraciles; tarsis elongatis; acrotarsiis scutellatis, in scuta novem divisis; paratarsiis in scutula plurima divisis; digitis subelongatis, gracilibus, duobus extimis ad basin connexis, unguibus gracilibus, compressis; halluce subelongato, subforti, ungue subelongato, arcuato, maxime compresso.Cauda brevis, rotundata, Obs. Genus subfamilias Myiotherinam, Swains., et Merulinam eximie connectens. MERULOIDES. ... Habitat in Brasilia." (Vigors 1825); "Chamaeza Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 395. Type, by monotypy, Chamaeza meruloides Vigors = Turdus brevicaudus Vieillot = Myiothera campanisona Lichtenstein." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 242).
Var. Chaemaeza,Chamoeza, Chanmzu,Chemaeza, Chemoeza.
Synon. Chamaezosa.

(Formicariidae; syn. Chamaeza † Short-tailed Ant-thrush C. campanisona) Gr. χαμαι khamai on the ground; ζωη zōē manner of life; “Gen. Chamaezosa Vig. 1825. Chamaeza! Vig. Codonistris Gloger pt.” (Cabanis 1847); “Chamaezosa “Vig.” Cabanis, 1847, Archiv für Naturgesch., XIII (1), p. 218. New name for Chamaeza Vigors, 1825, considered barbarous and improperly formed.” (JAJ 2023).
Var. Chamaezusa.

Frederick Morton Chamberlain (1867-1921) US ichthyologist, naturaliston US Fisheries vessel Albatross 1907 (subsp. Lagopus muta).

Gr. χαμηλος khamēlos on the ground, creeping, low < χαμαι khamai on the ground.

(Monarchidae; syn. Metabolus † Tinian Monarch M. takatsukasae) Chamorro or Chamoru, an indigenous people of the Marianas Is.; Gr. ορνις ornis, ορνιθος ornithos bird (JAJ MS; see Manuscript-names).

Changai or Khangai Mts. /Hangay' Nuruu, central Mongolia.

Changamwe, near Mombasa, British East Africa /Kenya.

Levaillant's 1796, pl. 11, name Chaugoun for the Indian White-backed Vulture, was his rendition of the Bengali name Sakunor Sagun for this declining scavenger(syn. Gyps bengalensis).

(Pteroclidae; syn. Syrrhaptes † Tibetan Sandgrouse S. tibetanus) Changtang, the wild, sparsely populated high plateau region covering much of northern Tibet; OD not yet seen (Kozlova, 1947, Referaty Nauchno-Issledovatel'skikh Rabot, Otdel. Biologiya Nauk (1945), p. 183); "Tchangtangia Kozlova, 1947 ... new name for Przewalskia Kozlova, preoccupied by Przewalskium Flerov, 1930." (Vaurie 1965).
Var. Changtangia.

(Malaconotidae; syn. Dryoscopus† Sabine's Puffback D. sabini) Gr. χαυνος khaunos puffed up < χαυνοω khaunoō to relax; -νωτος -nōtos -backed < νωτονnōton back; "Description of a new Subgenus ... Genus CHAUNONOTUS * G. R. Gray. Gen. Char. Rostrum capite longius, validum, basi latum, apice attenuatum, vix dentatum; culmen latum, læve, rotundatum, basi lunulata; nares nudi, in medio rostro, laterales, immersi, oblongi; plumis aperturam attingentibus. Alæ subrotundatæ, breves, remigibus 1ma, 2da, 3tia graduatis, 4ta, 5ta, 6ta subæqualibus longioribus. Tarsi rostri longitudine; digitis Malaconoti sed brevioribus; unguibus brevibus vix curvatis. Cauda mediocris, leviter rotundata. CHAUNONOTUS SABINI G. R. Gray. Sabine's Puff-back. C. supra cærulescenti-niger; dorsi plumis floccosis mollissimis et subtus albis. Thamnophilus Sabini J. E. Gray's Zool. Misc., i. p. 7. ... The dorsal patch of milk-white down is of a most beautiful soft texture, and in a greater quantity than in the Cùbla. ... * Chaunos, swollen; nōtos, back." (G. Gray 1837); "Chaunonotus Gray, 1837, Mag. Nat. Hist., n. s., 1, p. 487 (subgen.). Type, by monotypy, Thamnophilus sabini Gray." (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 316).
Var. Chanonotus.

Benoît Jean Paul Ernest Chantre (1843-1924) French geologist, anthropologist in the Middle East 1890-1894 (‡subsp. Anhinga rufa).

Dr James Paul Chapin (1889-1964) US ornithologist, artist, collector in the Belgian Congo, Curator AMNH (syn. Anthus similis bannermani, Apalis, syn. Bradornis fuliginosus, subsp. Cinnyris stuhlmanni, syn. Corvinella corvina affinis, subsp. Corypha africana, syn. Dendrospiza citrinelloides frontalis, subsp. Dryoscopus cubla, subsp. Motacilla clara, subsp. Sheppardia bocagei, ‡subsp.Sylvietta leucophrys, syn.Tricholaema hirsuta flavipunctata, Turdoides).

(Muscicapidae;syn. FraseriaϮ White-browed Forest Flycatcher F. cinerascens) Dr James Paul Chapin (1889-1964) US ornithologist, collector; "Chapinia, new genus Voelker & Bowie. Type species. - Chapinia cinerascens. Diagnosis - A genus of muscicapid flycatcher differing from all the other genera of the family Muscicapidae by the following combination of characters: large size, diagnosticwhite supra-loral spot, dark upperparts, and mottled gray underparts with dark but poorly demarcated crescents on the breast. Etymology - This name honors Dr. James P. Chapin, for his extensive documentation of, and research on, the birds of the Belgian Congo"(Voelker et al. 2016, per LaurentRaty); "Chapinia Voelker and Bowie in Voelker, Huntley, Peñalba and Bowie, 2016, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 94 (B), p. 620 (not of Ewing, 1927 (Phthiraptera)). Type, by original designation, Chapinia cinerascens, i.e. Fraseria cinerascens Hartlaub, 1857." (JAJ 2020).

(Muscicapidae; syn. Fraseria† White-browed Forest Flycatcher F. cinerascens) Dr James PaulChapin (1889-1964) US ornithologist, collector; Gr. ορνις ornis,ορνιθος ornithos bird; "Chapinornis, new replacement name. Type species: Fraseria cinerascens Hartlaub, 1857. Etymology: A combination of the surname Chapin and the Greek ορνις (Ornis), a bird, and a common suffix for bird genera. This name honors James P. Chapin, for his extensive documentation of, and research on, the birds of the Belgian Congo. Gender masculine. Remarks: Replacement name for Chapinia Voelker & Bowie in Voelker, Huntley, Peñalba & Bowie, 2016" (Voelker et al. 2016); "Chapinornis Voelker, Bowie and Conway, 2016, Zootaxa, 4107 (4), p. 599. New name for Chapinia Voelker and Bowie, 2016, not of Ewing, 1927 (Phthiraptera)." (JAJ 2020).

(Phasianidae; syn. Pternistis † Hartlaub's Francolin P. hartlaubi) Dr James Paul Chapin (1889-1964) US ornithologist, collector; Gr. ορτυξ ortux,ορτυγος ortugos quail; "CHAPINORTYX gen. nov., genotype Francolinus hartlaubi Bocage. In the Auk, 1926, p. 235, Dr. James P. Chapin has separated Francolinus nahani Dubois (Ann. Congo Mus., Zool. Ser. IV, Tome I, Fasc. I, p. 17, pl. X) under the generic name of Acentortyx, on the grounds that spurs are totally absent, not even with a scaly excrescence to mark their position, a patch of naked skin below the eyes, and "bill not so weak as in F. lathami" (= genotype of Peliperdix). Having regard to this separation, it becomes necessary to make another genus for "Francolinus hartlaubi" Bocage, and I therefore introduce the above name of Chapinortyx for it." (A. Roberts 1928) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Chapinortyx Roberts, Ann. Transv. Mus., 12, 1928, p. 291. Type, by original designation, Francolinus hartlaubi Bocage.² ... ²While Francolinus contains a rather heterogeneous assortment of species and could no doubt be dismembered to advantage, I believe that such a revision is best undertaken by some one in a position to make a simultaneous examination of all the species. Removinga single species at random, and without considering the possible relationship of other species, is a most haphazard method." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 68).

Louise Davis Chaplin née Catherwood (1906-1983) US socialite, philanthropist, wife of ichthyologist Charles Clifford Chaplin(subsp. Grallaria haplonota).

Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) US ornithologist, Curator of Ornithology AMNH 1908-1942, collector (Calidris,Chaetura, subsp. Chordeiles minor,subsp. Conopophaga castaneiceps, syn. Crax rubra, subsp. Formicivora rufa, syn. Gallinago jamesoni, syn. Hemispingus melanotis piurae, subsp. Hydrobates leucorhous, subsp. Mecocerculus leucophrys, subsp. Myiodynastes maculatus, subsp. Myiothlypis coronata, syn. Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus, syn. Pachyramphus polychopterus dorsalis, subsp. Patagioenas plumbea, syn. Petrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis, Pogonotriccus, subsp. Pulsatrix perspicillata, subsp.Pyrrhura melanura, subsp. Rufirallus schomburgkii, subsp. Schistes geoffroyi, subsp. Sicalis luteola, subsp. Synallaxis brachyura).

(Psittacidae; syn.Pyrilia† Orange-cheeked Parrot P. barrabandi) Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) US ornithologist; "Comtudo, Eucinetes, não póde conter a fórma barrabandi, de que fazemos typo do genero Chapmania ao lado de Pionites. ... Chapmania, nobis. Fórma geral de Eucinetes, tendo a fronte e os lóros emplumados normalmente, a região periophthalmica francamente núa, o cerumen estendendo-se até o hiato, a tomia fracamente entalhada, o gonis de base excavado, remiges 1.a, 2.ae 3.aeguaes. Especie brasileira: 67— CHAPMANIA BARRABANDI (Kuhl.) Curica" (de Miranda-Ribeiro 1920); "Chapmania de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, Revista Museu Paulista, XII, pp. 10, 65. Type, by original designation, Psittacus barrabandi Kuhl, 1820." (JAJ 2021).

(Psittacidae; syn.Pyrilia† Orange-cheeked Parrot P. barrabandi) Genus Chapmania de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, parrot; L. suffix -ana pertaining to; "Chapmania A. de M. Ribeiro, Revista Museu Paulista XII. p. 10, 65 (1920) (Type: Psittacus barrabandi Kuhl) kann wegen Chapmannia Monticelli 1893 nicht bleiben. Neuer Name: Chapmaniana Strand n. n." (Strand 1928) (OD per Laurent Raty); "Chapmaniana Strand, 1928, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, XC, Abth. A. Heft 8, p. 58. New name for Chapmania de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, considered preoccupied by Chapmannia Monticelli, 1893 (Vermes)." (JAJ 2021).

(Dicruridae; syn. Dicrurus† Bronzed Drongo D. aeneus) Nepalese name Chaptiaor Chaptyaflat-billed, for the Bronzed Drongo; "Sub-genus Chaptia nobis. Chaptya (quasi Platyrynchus) of Nepal. 6th Species. Muscipetoides nobis. Remarkable for the feebleness of its bill and feet, and seeming absolutely to unite the laniidæ and musci capidæ [sic]. It might be classed, indifferently, with either. The bill and feet are quite those of muscipeta; but there is in both that additional degree of strength which, added to the blue-glossed black plumage with lanceolate hackles, and to the ten-feathered forked tail, affines our bird to the Edolian shrikes. Cuvier, I am aware, classed the Edolianæ with the fly-catchers: but they have have [sic] since, with reason, been associated with the Laniidæ or shrikes." (Hodgson 1836); "Chaptia Hodgson, 1836, India Revue, I, p. 326. Type, by monotypy, Chaptia muscipetoides Hodgson, 1836 = Dicrurus aeneus Vieillot, 1817." (JAJ 2022). Some authors consider that this monospecific genus should be reinstated.
Var. Cheptia.

(Charadriidae; syn. Charadrius † Ringed Plover C. hiaticula) Charadias,listed by Waterhouse, 1889, Index Generum Avium, p. 39, as if by Scopoli, 1777, Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem, p. 475 (emended to Charadrias in index, p. 534), is a lapsus for Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758, and a pure nomen nudum, without citations or species, viz.“*356. TRACHELIA. ... 357. CHARADIAS. Rostrum capite vix longius, rectum, prope apicem crassius, quam ad basim. 358. HAEMATOPVS. ... 359. TRINGA. ... INDEX ANIMALIUM. ... Charadrias 357” (JAJ 2024).
Var. Charadias.

Overview and generic check-list.

Plover: Dotterel: Killdeer: Lapwing: Wrybill:

PLUVIALIS Brisson, 1760

Genus Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758, plover; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs resembling.
● "SQUATAROLA CINCTA, NOBIS. Dotterel Squaterole. ... Vanellus cinctus, Less. Charadrius rubecola, Vig. Zool. Journ. vol. iv. p. 96. THE drawing for our Plate of this very interesting species was taken from the specimens described by Mr VIGORS in the Zoological Journal, as quoted above. They were sent from the Straits of Magellan by Captain P. P. KING, and now form part of the collection of the Zoological Society of London. Had the species not already been named, we should have called it Charadrioides, from its entire similarity in form to the true Dotterels, and even resembling closely one species of this country in its tints, serving as a beautiful link at one end to connect this genus with Charadrius, and which is again assimilated at the opposite extremity by means of the Charadrius pluvialis and Squatarola cinerea,—the Golden and Grey Plovers of this country." (Jardine & Selby 1830)(syn. Charadrius modestus).
● "CURSOR. ... 6. C. charadrioides. ... Charadrius aegyptius Hasselquist Reise 8v. S. 311 (Descrit. opt.) Linn. Syst. Nat. I. p. 264. Vieill. N. D. ... Le Pluvian du Sénégal. Buff. pl. enl. n. 918. (fig. mediocr.) ... Nota. Haec species format transitum clarum cursorum ad charadrios, attamen ad illos quam ad hosce viciniorem: pedum formam ac picturam respiciens prope ad charadrios sectionis primae, quoad rostri formam autem et imprimis narium ad cursores accedit, sed nullo modo characteres generici proprii ad ex ea genus distinctum constituendum sufficiunt." (Wagler 1827) (syn. Pluvianus aegyptius).
● seecharadroides

(Motacillidae; syn. Tmetothylacus † Golden Pipit T. tenellus) Dim. < genus Charadrius Linnaeus, 1758, plover; "This [sic] 'Cape-Lark'-like Passerine-birds are distinguished by there [sic] terminal third of the tibia beeing [sic] unfeathered, scaled and reticulated as this is the case with Plovers etc. It can be taken granted that this difference is in strict accordance with accomodation to aquatic life. ... Charadriola nov. gen. The general characteristics of this new genus are similar to those of Macronyx, but the terminal third of the tibia is unfeathered, scaled and reticulated ... front of tarsus scutellated; the upper and under part of hinder tarsus with scutellations ... Charadriola singularis n. sp." (von Madarász 1904); "Charadriola von Madarász, 1904, Annales Hist.-Nat. Musei Nationalis Hungarici, II (2), p. 400. Type, by monotypy, Charadriola singularis von Madarász, 1904 = Macronix tenellus Cabanis, 1878." (JAJ 2021).

(Charadriidae; Ϯ Ringed Plover C. hiaticula) Late L. charadrius yellowish bird mentioned in the Vulgate Bible (late 4^th century) < Gr. χαραδριος kharadrios unknown plain-coloured nocturnal bird that dwelt in ravines and river valleys < χαραδρα kharadra ravine. According to some authors the sight of it was said to cure jaundice. Early identifications included the Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus;"79. CHARADRIUS. Rostrum teretiusculum, obtusum. Pedes tridactyli." (Linnaeus 1758); "Charadrius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. Type, by tautonymy, Charadrius hiaticula Linné. (Charadrios s. Hiaticula Aldrovandus, prebinomial specific name in synonymy.)" (Peters, 1934, II, p. 245). Linnaeus's Charadrius comprised eleven species (C. cristatus, C. Hiaticula, C. alexandrinus, C. vociferus, C. ægyptius, C. Morinellus, C. apricarius, C. Pluvialis, C. Oedicnemus, C. Himantopus, C. spinosus).
Var. Chacadrius.
Synon. Aegialeus, Aegialitis, Aegialtes, Charadrias,Hiaticula, Oxyechus, Pipus.
● (Charadriidae; syn. Pluvialis † Eurasian Golden Plover P. apricaria) “Genera et Species typicae. ... 2. *Charadrius L. pluvialis L. Tab. XVIII. Caput, culmen, ala, pes. — Ic. Av. t. 177. ic. 687—693. t. 175. ic. 2681—82. t. 182. ic. 2571.” (Reichenbach 1853); “Charadrius “L.” Reichenbach, 1853, Avium Systema Naturale, p. XVIII (not of Linnaeus, 1758). Type, by original designation, Charadrius pluvialis Linnaeus, 1758 = Charadrius apricarius Linnaeus, 1758.” (JAJ 2023).

GenusCharadriusLinnaeus, 1758, plover; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs resembling: "SUB GENUS AMMOPTILA, Sw. 372.—A. charadroides, Sw. ?—Sand Plover. A bird of this remarkable genus is mentioned in Mr. Elliot's Catalogue, but without any description, so I am uncertain if it is the same species as the one indicated by Swainson, in his Synopsis. Mr. E. mentions his having found it in flocks on the sea-shore, on the west coast of India. Bill black; legs and feet plumbeous. Length 15 inches."(Jerdon 1840) (syn.Dromas ardeola).

(Muscicapidae;syn. Ficedula Ϯ Narcissus Flycatcher F. narcissina) Gr. χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos beauty, grace < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; ὑλη hulē,ὑλης hulēs woodland (cf. portmanteau of specific name Muscicapa hylocharis Temminck & Schlegel); "11. MUSCICAPA hylocharis, Temm. et Schleg. Faun. Japon. t. 17. ex Japon. Maxime aberrans!" (Bonaparte 1850); "Nous avons changé Hylocharis en Charidhylas, Bp., pour le genre dont la célèbre espèce du Japon est le type et qui tient un peu des Pachycéphaliens" (Bonaparte 1854); "Chardihylas [sic] Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 38, p. 651. Type, by original designation, Muscicapa hylocharis Temminck and Schlegel [= Muscicapa narcissina Temminck] (Bonaparte, 1850, Consp. Gen. Avium, 1, p. 318)." (Watson in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 335).
Var. Charidylas,Choredhyla,Chardihylas.

Gr. χαριεις kharieis, χαριεντος kharientos beautiful < χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace <khairō to rejoice; -ουρος -ouros -tailed < ουρα oura tail.

Gr. χαριεις kharieis,χαριεσσα khariessa graceful, beautiful < χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace <χαιρω khairō to rejoice.

(Trochilidae; syn. Lampornis † Amethyst-throated Hummingbird L. amethystinus) Gr. χαριεις kharieis,χαριεσσα khariessa graceful, beautiful < χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace <χαιρω khairō to rejoice; "Ich betrachte daher den ohnehin für die wissenschaftliche Nomenclatur unbrauchbaren Namen Delattria (!) Bp. nur als "useless synonym" zu Coeligena Less., als deren Typus C. Clemenciae gilt, und bilde für die neuerdings von Gould und Sclater aufgestellte Gruppe Delattria (!) Gould 1861 (nec Bp. 1849) von dem griechischenχαριεις (lieblich) das Genus Chariessa mit den beiden centralamericanischen Arten: 1. C. Henrici ... 2. C. viridipallens" (Heine 1863) "Chariessa Heine, 1863, Journalfür Ornithologie, XI (63), p. 178. New name for Delattria Bonaparte, 1850, considered useless and barbarous because of its eponymous root." (JAJ 2020).

(Pycnonotidae; syn. Andropadus † Grey Greenbul A. gracilis) Gr. χαρις kharis, χαριτος kharitos grace < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; ιλλας illas, ιλλαδος illados thrush; "CHARITILLAS ¹gen. nov. Chars. gen.—Similar to Stelgidillas, but bill much shorter, the height at basemore than one-third the exposed culmen, the culmen ridged and curved from base; tarsus relatively shorter; frontal feathering not extending beyond posterior edge of nostrils; nuchal hairs much shorter; rictal and nasal bristles longer. ... Type.—Andropadus gracilis CABANIS. The type and apparently sole species of this genus was hesitantly placed by the writer in Stelgidillas, and the present examination shows that it certainly does not belong there; Dr. Sharpe has recently removed it to Eurillas where it is still more out of place. From the latter genus Charitillas differs decidedly in its much lengthened, strongly operculate nostrils; much more slender and compressed bill, with more distinctly ridged culmen; relatively shorter tarsus; shorter nuchal hairs; and somewhat weaker rictal bristles. ... ¹χαρις, gratia; ιλλας, turdus." (Oberholser 1905); "Charitillas Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., Quarterly Issue, 48, no. 2, p. 168. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Andropadus gracilis Cabanis." (Rand in Peters, 1960, IX, p. 225).

(Hirundinidae; syn. Hirundo † White-throated Swallow H. albigularis) Gr. χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace, loveliness < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; χελιδων khelidōn,χελιδονος khelidonos swallow; "2. Subgenus: Charitochelidon subg. nov. Typus (hier bezeichnet) Hirundo albigularis STRICKLAND, Contr. Orn. 1849, 17. —Dieses Subgenus verbindet Hirundo s. str. mit Uromitus, unterscheidet sich von ersterer durch weiße (nicht rotbraune) Kehle, von letzterem durch nicht völlig rotbraunen Oberkopf und weniger lange Fadenfedern. Hierher die beiden hübschen, vielleicht konspezifischen Formen H. albigularis und H. aethiopica."(Wolters 1943) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Charitochelidon Wolters, 1943, Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143, p. 190. Type, by original designation, Hirundo albigularis Strickland, 1849." (JAJ 2021).

(Dicaeidae; syn. Prionochilus † Crimson-breasted Flowerpecker P. percussus) Gr. χαρις kharis grace, pleasing; κιρις kiris,κιριδος kiridos mythical bird. In ornithology ciris is frequently used for the flowerpeckers;"Charitociris,* nom. gen. nov. Prionochilus STRICLLAND [sic], Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,1841 ... nec Prionocheilus Chevrolat [1837], Coleoptera. ... Type.—Pardalotus percussus Temminck. ... * Charis, gratia; kiris, ciris (avis mythica.)" (Oberholser 1923); "Charitociris Oberholser, 1923, Ohio Journal of Science, XXIII (6), p. 289. New name for Prionochilus Strickland, 1841, considered preoccupied by Prionocheilus Chevrolat, 1837 (Coleoptera)." (JAJ 2021).
Var. Charitocoris.

(Anatidae; syn. Bucephala † Bufflehead B. albeola) Gr. χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace, beauty < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; νηττα nētta duck; "CHARITONETTA * n. gen. (Type Anas albeola LIN.) ... * Xαρις, χαριτος, grace; νηττα, ἡ, a duck. ... The Buffle-head is as well entitled to generic rank as the other genera among the Fuligulinæ, differing, as it does, in many important structural features from the two species Clangula glaucion and islandica" (Stejneger 1885); "Charitonetta Stejneger, 1885, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 29, p. 163. Type, by original designation, Anas albeola Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).

(Sturnidae; syn. Streptocitta † Bare-eyed MynaS. albertinae) Gr. χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace, loveliness < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; ορνις ornis, ορνιθοςornithos bird; "CHARITORNIS ALBERTINAE ... Le Charitornis rappelle, par son aspect générale, notre pie; mais il est d'une taille beaucoup moins forte, il paraîtêtre doué de formes plus grêles, les côtéset le dessous de la tête sont nus et les narines libres, les proportions relatives des grandes rémiges sont différemment modifiées, et le bec comme les pieds d'un jaune vif, les ailes enfin n'offrent pas de blanc, tandis que cette teinte se répand, en révanche, sur tout le dessous en avant du bas-ventre, sur la tête, le cou et une partie du manteau. ... Le système de coloration du Charitornis, quoiquesimple et peu brillant, ne laisse pas d'être très-harmonieux et de prêter à cet oiseau un charme tout particulier. ... L'épithète conférée à ce charmant oiseau rappelle le nom de l'une des aimables filles de notre défunt ami, le professeur VAN LIDTH DE JEUDE; qui, mainte fois, a eu la bienveillance de nous faire, avec une grace parfaite, les honneurs des riches collections de son père." (Schlegel 1866); "Charitornis Schlegel, 1866, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk., 3 (1865), p. 1. Type, by monotypy, Charitornis albertinae Schlegel." (Amadon in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 117).

(Thraupidae; Ϯ Coal-crested Finch C. eucosma) Gr. χαρις kharis,χαριτος kharitos grace, beauty < χαιρω khairō to rejoice; σπιζα spiza finch < σπιζω spizō to chirp; "Doctor Charles W. Richmond has already shown that Tiaris Swainson [1827] belongs properly to Euetheia, but he failed to provide a name for the consequently nameless group of South American Fringillidae for which Tiaris has commonly been employed. This, therefore, may be called Charitospiza, fromχαρις, gratia, andσπιζα, fringilla. The type and only species, Fringilla ornata Wied [1821], needs a new specific designation on account of the earlier Fringilla ornata Vieillot, and as it has no synonyms, may be known as Charitospiza eucosma Oberholser." (Oberholser1905); "Charitospiza Oberholser, 1905, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 48 (1), p. 67. Type, by original designation, Fringilla ornata Wied (not of Vieillot, 1817) = Charitospiza eucosma Oberholser." (Paynter in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 208).
Synon. Tiaris.